Forum for Linguistic Studies

Sociolinguistic Analysis of Speech: How Speechwriters Create Persuasive Texts: Kazakh Speechwriter Abish Kekilbayev and American Speechwriter Jonathan Edward Favreau

2025-02-24T09:48:02+08:00

This research paper presents a sociolinguistic analysis of speeches, with a focus on the persuasive writing techniques used by speechwriters. It compares the approaches of Kazakh speechwriter Abish Kekilbayev and American speechwriter Jonathan Edward Favreau, examining their contributions to political communication and the shaping of public opinion. The aim of this study is to explore the linguistic strategies and stylistic devices employed by Kekilbayev and Favreau in crafting impactful speeches. Special emphasis is placed on how cultural and linguistic contexts shape the political leaders’ identities through their speech texts. The research methodology includes sociolinguistic speech analysis, comparison of linguistic features, and textual data analysis to identify both shared elements and unique aspects of the two speechwriters’ approaches. This study offers a fresh perspective on the importance of speechwriters’ expertise in shaping political discourse, highlighting their critical role in contemporary political communication. Furthermore, the paper investigates key elements of rhetorical effectiveness, emotional appeal, lexical richness, syntactic structures, ideological framing, and discourse strategies that enhance persuasive power and audience engagement. Through the analysis of linguistic tools such as metaphor, parallelism, and repetition, the paper shows how speechwriters construct narratives that resonate with their audiences. Additionally, the study takes into account the historical and socio-political contexts that influence their rhetoric, providing insight into how speechwriting evolves within different cultural and political settings.

Get on with and Continue with: Similarity Analysis

2025-03-17T16:08:22+08:00

This article provides an in-depth similarity analysis of the phrases get on with and continue with using data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), the British National Corpus (BNC), and ChatGPT. A key finding is that in COCA, the two phrases share a 33.33% similarity in ranking analysis, whereas in BNC, their similarity is 0%. In COCA, get on with is most similar to continue with in the newspaper genre and least similar in TV/movies. Conversely, in BNC, their closest similarity occurs in magazines and their greatest divergence in fiction. Standard deviation analysis further highlights differences in frequency. In COCA, get on with has a standard deviation of 294.02, indicating a frequency range of 199.48 to 787.52, while continue with has a standard deviation of 194.4, with a range of 163.98 to 552.78. Although their frequency correlation is not statistically significant, COCA shows a weak positive correlation, while BNC reveals a weak negative correlation. Notably, in neither corpus does the frequency of get on with significantly affect continue with. Additionally, eight of their top 20 collocations overlap, reflecting a 40% similarity in usage. Overall, the findings suggest minimal similarity between these phrases, with clear distinctions between American and British English. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of how phrase usage varies across different linguistic and cultural contexts.

Power Dynamics in Lyrics: Analyzing “Bayar, Bayar, Bayar” by Sukatani Band through Critical Discourse Analysis

2025-03-04T13:51:07+08:00

This study focuses on the song “Bayar, Bayar, Bayar” in order to understand how its lyrics negotiate and articulate issues of power within a given sociocultural setting. Using critical discourse analysis (CDA) as the framework, this study attempts to demonstrate how language can be both a reflection and a determinant of social systems and structures. The main aim, in this case, is to analyze the lyrics from a sociolinguistic perspective to determine the hidden messages that talk about power relations, focusing on how those choices maintained or resisted the prevailing power relations. Using CDA, this research examines the language of the song’s lyrics and the broader language of the song, focusing on the use of language, the themes presented, and the surrounding socio-political context of the song. Compared to the available literature regarding the relationship between music and power, there is a relative absence of research concerning “Bayar, Bayar, Bayar,” which is an issue this research intends to address by paying closer attention to the socio-political and linguistic context of the song. The results demonstrate that the lyrics employ critical discourse techniques to justify and condemn corrupt actions at the same time, with the word “bayar” (pay) used as an easy way out of critique and as a tool to increase social scrutiny while suffering systemic inequality. This research highlights the need to analyze the power relations embedded within the lyrics of music as they relate to cultural narratives and their impact on society’s worldview. This study demonstrates the need to understand music as a tool of social commentary and as a medium of dissent against oppressive power systems. Further studies in this field will help create a more nuanced and democratic understanding of music.

The Influence of Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Capital on Reducing Burnout among Chinese Elementary EFL Teachers

2025-02-25T09:24:49+08:00

This study investigates the impact of emotional intelligence and psychological capital on reducing burnout among Chinese elementary EFL teachers, with implications for fostering quality education. It explores their interrelationships and predictive roles in teacher burnout. Surveys were administered to 80 participants, assessing burnout, emotional intelligence, and psychological capital. Descriptive statistics showed mean scores of 45.84 (SD = 12.65) for burnout, 114.83 (SD = 12.67) for emotional intelligence, and 103.49 (SD = 8.52) for psychological capital. Correlation analyses indicated weak negative relationships between burnout and emotional intelligence (r = −0.176) and psychological capital (r = −0.081), though these were non-significant. Multiple regression analysis revealed that these variables explained only 3% of burnout variance, suggesting minimal predictive power. The findings highlight the importance of supporting teachers’ psychological and emotional well-being to enhance their effectiveness and sustain quality education. The lack of strong correlations points to burnout’s complexity, likely shaped by geographic and contextual factors. Future research should expand variable sets to build robust models for predicting and mitigating burnout, ensuring teachers thrive in delivering quality education and sustainable instruction.

Linguistic Analysis of Gender Representations in Magazine Advertisements: Breaking the Semiotic Codes

2025-03-13T10:12:34+08:00

This research examines gender representation in Jordanian magazine speech using the terms Jameela (beautiful), Rozana (rose), and Mustakilah (independent). This qualitative study explores these terms’ language patterns, contextual meanings, and gender representation implications. The study corpus includes 2021–2022 Jordanian magazines of diverse genres and demographics. Document analysis examines linguistic and gender themes in the text. The study’s collocational patterns for each term illuminate magazine discourse’s connections and meanings. Jameela is associated with aesthetic and feminine qualities including beauty, fashion, elegance, and grace. Rozana’s collocates include love, scent, delicacy, and flower, emphasizing femininity and romance. Mustakilah emphasizes women’s agency and autonomy through promoting independence, empowerment, ambition, and self-reliance. These results match gender representation studies on print advertisements and leisure publications. Language reinforces gender stereotypes and social norms. This research illuminates Jordanian magazine discourse’s gender portrayal and linguistic peculiarities. This study challenges prejudices, promotes gender equality, and creates more inclusive narratives by critically evaluating media gender depiction’s language components. The research emphasizes media literacy and awareness to counteract prejudices and empower women by recognizing cultural and socioeconomic factors in gender depictions. The results advance gender representation studies in Jordanian media.

Zhuangzi and Plato: Language and the World, the World of Language

2025-03-25T16:49:04+08:00

This article inquires into the philosophies of language of Plato and Zhuangzi while placing special emphasis on the delicate and complex interplay between the ways they understand language and their worldviews and writing methods. It is argued that Plato is a linguistic realist who assumes language reflects an objective reality. Zhuangzi, in contrast, is a linguistic conventionalist and skeptic, holding that language constructs rather than reflects the world. Through a comparative philosophical lens, the paper analyzes how linguistic structures and cultural context shaped those thinkers’ perspectives and uses Jacques Derrida’s logocentrism critique and Chad Hansen’s mass nouns theory to better explain their linguistic-philosophical views. The study employs philosophical content and linguistic-textual analysis to highlight how their different traditions influenced their understanding of language. Despite the paper’s claim that Plato and Zhuangzi differ significantly in their perception of language, it also points to a shared important theme: Both philosophers use literary and rhetorical devices. This means that for the two of them, knowledge is not only captured in propositional statements but is also sculpted through style and expression. By exposing the profound interest of those major ancient philosophers in language and its relation to the world, the study shows that language and philosophy of language were already significant themes in the early days of world philosophy. By delving into a cross-cultural dialogue, the study suggests a refreshed vantage point on how language functions in various philosophical frameworks and on the discourse of the relationship between language, meaning, and reality.

Religious Intertextuality in Ibn Al-Sayrafi’s Al-Afdhaliyyat: Manifestations and Implications

2025-03-13T10:51:19+08:00

This study meticulously explores the manifestations of religious intertextuality within Al-Afdhaliyyat, a collection of correspondences authored by Abu Al-Qasim Ali Ibn Munjab Ibn Sulaiman, widely esteemed as Ibn Al-Sayrafi. As a distinguished literary figure of the Fatimid era in Egypt, Ibn Al-Sayrafi’s oeuvre provides a fertile ground for investigating the intricate dynamics of intertextual interactions. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, this study systematically identifies and categorizes instances of intertextuality in these letters, with a particular emphasis on religious allusions and references. The primary objective is to conduct a comparative analysis between the literary components of Al-Afdhaliyyat and pertinent religious scriptures, thereby unveiling the complex interconnections underpinning these textual relationships. Findings reveal that Ibn Al-Sayrafi employs various forms of religious intertextuality, including direct quotations, indirect allusions, nuanced hints, and thematic absorptions, which enhance both the aesthetic and persuasive dimensions of his correspondence. These intertextual references serve to elevate the formal qualities of the prose, symbolically influence recipients by appealing to moral virtues, and reinforce doctrinal concepts integral to Fatimid theology. The study concludes that religious intertextuality in Al-Afdhaliyyat functions as a multifaceted tool that embellishes the text, persuades the recipient, and conveys complex doctrinal messages. This study contributes to academic discourse by applying contemporary literary theory to a relatively underexplored corpus, thereby enriching the understanding of Fatimid literary traditions and highlighting the pivotal role of intertextuality in literary analysis.

Squid Game Season 2: Seven Text Analyses

2025-03-18T10:12:50+08:00

This article analyzes the linguistic topics and themes present in 33 Google articles about Squid Game Season 2, utilizing big data techniques in Python. Seven different methods were employed to uncover linguistic patterns, identifying season as the most frequently used keyword, followed by game, squid, Netflix, and games. The prominence of season emerged as both a central topic and a dominant theme in the articles. Other significant terms included competition, character, hit, critics, contest, event, and director, all of which were frequently mentioned. The analysis also revealed strong connections between key terms, such as people and game, season and game, as well as Lee and game, Hwang and game, and Netflix and game, further reinforcing the linguistic themes. Sentiment analysis showed a predominantly positive tone toward Squid Game Season 2, with a sentiment score of +146 for positive terms compared to −17 for negative terms. In conclusion, the study highlighted game, squid, Netflix, and games as key linguistic topics and themes. The use of topic modeling, keyword analysis, and network analysis provided valuable insights into the linguistic structure of the articles, contributing to the broader field of linguistics. The linguistic significance of this research lies in the use of big data analysis techniques to conduct seven distinct text analyses, providing deeper insights into the major linguistic themes and topics within the text.

Business Responses to Positive Reviews in Arabic: A Move Analysis on Booking.com

2025-03-13T15:02:57+08:00

This study aims to identify the moves used by hotel managers in responding to positive reviews shared by satisfied customers on Booking.com in Saudi Arabia. Most of the previous studies explored the hotel responses to the negative reviews of the dissatisfied customers because the higher impact they have on the image, reputation, and booking rates. Hotel responses to positive reviews have received less attention, especially Arabic. It has been investigated in terms the speech act of compliment and compliment responses in different online platforms, such as Facebook and Instagram in non-business context. Therefore, this study was conducted to fill the gap. The data consist of 200 hotel responses to positive reviews that were collected from 96 hotels that are 5-star-hotels located in 18 cities in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected from Booking.com and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, using the framework of move analysis. The results found that twelve moves were employed by the hotel managers at the beginning, middle, and end, which were classified as major and minor moves. In addition, the use of ‘opening pleasantries’, ‘thanking/expressing appreciation’, ‘solicit future visit’, and ‘closing pleasantries’ were the most frequent moves. The move of ‘thanking/expressing appreciation’ was used for different reasons and showed interesting linguistic realization and intensification strategies, such as expressive punctuation, modifiers, using one or more than one adjective, and using thank move twice or more in the same response. However, using the adverb ‘very much’ was the most frequent one. Addressing the customer by using the first person plural pronoun ‘we’ was frequently used in ‘thanking/expressing appreciation’, ‘soliciting future visit’, ‘closing pleasantries’, ‘apology’, and ‘invite direct contact’ that emphasize the corporate identity over the personal identity. Finally, the frequent use for ‘opening pleasantries’ and ‘closing pleasantries’ reflect formality in writing style in response to guests’ positive reviews on Booking.com and the competence of hotel management in online business discourse.

The Effect of Theme-Based Lexical Approach on English Writing Fluency and Accuracy Among Students in Chinese Vocational and Technical College

2025-01-20T11:12:34+08:00

Lexical chunks have garnered increasing attention in second language acquisition, and their essential role in enhancing high school students’ writing competency has been well-documented. However, the relationship between a theme-based lexical approach and English writing fluency and accuracy among vocational and technical college students remains underexplored. Addressing this gap, the present study investigated the effects of integrating a theme-based lexical approach on the English writing fluency and accuracy of first-year English-major students at a Chinese vocational and technical college. Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the impact of the theme-based lexical approach on students’ writing fluency and accuracy, as well as their confidence and motivation in writing, resulting from the intervention. Two parallel classes, each comprising 55 students, were selected as experimental and control groups using a random sampling method. Over a two-month experimental period, the experimental group received instruction through the theme-based lexical approach, while the control group followed the standard curriculum without additional treatment. Both groups participated in a writing test and completed a questionnaire before and after the experiment. The results revealed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in writing, showing notable improvements in both accuracy and fluency. Furthermore, students in the experimental group reported a dramatic increase in writing confidence and motivation, highlighting the effectiveness of the theme-based lexical approach in fostering enhanced writing outcomes.

Psychometric Properties of the Self-Defeating Behavior Scale for University Students: Insights for Foreign Language Learners

2025-03-13T14:35:00+08:00

In the field of learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL), behaviors that undermine progress are known as self-defeating behaviors. These actions and attitudes create obstacles in acquiring the language and reflect a complicated mix of emotions and thoughts. Often, these issues arise after facing ongoing difficulties or tough situations, causing feelings of despair and powerlessness. This research aims to confirm the effectiveness of a psychometric tool for measuring self-defeating behavior in university students studying English as a Foreign Language (EFL). A descriptive research method was employed, and the tool was given to a group of 412 learners at the university level to test its reliability and accuracy in assessing self-defeating behaviors in this educational setting. Various statistical methods were used for data analysis, such as Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Composite Reliability (CR), Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results from these analyses demonstrated that the scale is highly valid in assessing self-defeating behaviors among the students who participated in the research. The analysis identified four unique aspects of self-defeating behavior: feelings of spiritual emptiness, self-hatred, perceptions of inadequacy, and psychological vulnerability. Consequently, the Self-Defeating Behavior Scale used in EFL classrooms shows a good level ofconstruct validity, internal consistency, and reliability over time. Thus, it is confirmed to be appropriate and dependable for application in this area. These results imply that the validated Self-Defeating Behavior Scale can be effectively used to recognize and tackle self-defeating behaviors in university students learning EFL, thereby aiding in enhancing both academic results and emotional health.

Analyzing the Morphophonological Structure of Broken Plurals in Najdi Arabic: A Descriptive and Analytical Approach

2025-03-19T15:01:23+08:00

This study explores the patterns of broken plurals in Najdi Arabic (NA) and analyzes their morphophonological characteristics. Data were collected from native NA speakers, and the accuracy of broken plural forms was judged by three additional native speakers. The analysis is framed through the theory of prosodic morphology, which posits that morphological templates are shaped by prosodic structures such as the syllable and foot. The study identifies three primary broken plural patterns in NA: trisyllabic, disyllabic, and monosyllabic. The trisyllabic pattern is formed through melodic overwriting, a process in which vowels in the first two syllables are replaced, and the third syllable adds the high front vowel /i:/. The disyllabic patterns are formed via techniques such as vowel substitution, infixing, consonant deletion, and melodic overwriting; four main forms of this pattern have been identified (CVV.CVVC, CV.CVC, CVC.CVVC, and CV.CCV). In monosyllabic patterns, consonants remain unchanged. This study provides insights into the structural patterns and morphophonological processes of the broken plural formation in NA. Although the study is limited by its exclusive focus on broken plurals and its small sample of native NA speakers, it nonetheless offers practical implications in fields such as computational linguistics, in which natural language processing tools can benefit from this enhanced understanding of broken plural formation. Future research is recommended to extend the study of broken and sound plural patterns across Arabic dialects and consider how to integrate this knowledge into computational representations of Arabic dialectal morphology and our understanding of developmental language acquisition.

Neology Boom in The Language of Collective Consciousness and Electronic Media in Kazakhstan

2025-03-27T11:39:05+08:00

This article examines the rapid emergence of new words in the Kazakh language, often described as a “neology boom.” The 21st century has brought significant linguistic shifts, fueled by Kazakhstan’s evolving political, cultural, and social landscape. This phenomenon, sometimes referred to as a “neological explosion,” reflects the country’s broader transformation and the increasing dynamism of its language. As society progresses and undergoes a renewal of social consciousness, language adapts at an unprecedented rate, introducing neologisms that reshape communication. Despite this rapid linguistic evolution, research and theoretical studies struggle to keep pace, particularly in the standardization and codification of new terms—especially those adapted to the Latin script. The challenge lies not only in academic research but also in ensuring accessibility to standardized reference materials across different formats to maintain consistency in usage. Experts recognize that sociolinguistic influences play a crucial role in shaping language development, both at individual and societal levels. The constant influx of new words, particularly in digital media, contributes to shifts in meaning and usage. However, this rapid transformation often creates challenges for public comprehension, making it difficult for society to fully grasp and integrate these linguistic changes into everyday communication. Understanding and guiding this evolving linguistic landscape is essential for maintaining clarity and coherence in the Kazakh language.

Gender Representation and Its Impact on the Quality of Education: A Comparative Analysis of EFT Textbooks for Grade Six (2022 vs. 2024 Editions)

2025-02-03T09:48:23+08:00

Gender representation always plays a pivotal role in English language teaching-learning materials due to the presence and portrayal of male and female characters as well as the mode of activities and dialogues attributed to each gender. This study explores gender representation in the Grade Six English for Today (EfT) textbook in Bangladesh focusing on a comparative analysis of the 2022 and 2024 editions. To conduct the study, we collected qualitative data through content analysis, focus group discussion, and in-depth interviews with 40 participants directly involved in the teaching-learning process applying EfTs. The results reveal an imbalance in gender representation in the prior edition of the selected book but demonstrate a positive change in the current edition. The study offers recommendations for future textbook revisions, emphasizing the importance of gender-sensitive material in promoting inclusivity in English language education in Bangladesh so as to improve education quality. We urge policymakers, educators, and researchers involved in curriculum or education development and gender studies to conduct further studies on this area.

The Passive with The Modal Verbs in the Subordinate Clause

2025-03-21T11:13:30+08:00

The main purpose of this paper is to describe and recognize the special characteristics of the passive in the German language (Besonderheiten des Passivs: Passivsatz ohne Subjekt; Passive mit Modalverben im Nebensatz). This research investigated two languages, two systems, and two structures, and by describing them, the researcher discussed the differences and similarities between these two languages. This research was conducted using the contrastive analysis method. In this paper, we’ll analyze the passive with modal verbs in the German language (wollen, sollen, können, müssen, dürfen, mögen), in the Albanian language (mund, duhet, do, lipset), and the paper is in English, so in this language, the modal verbs are: can, could, must, may, might, shall, should, will, and would. Modal auxiliaries generally express a speaker’s attitudes or moods. For example, modals can express that a speaker feels something is necessary, advisable, permissible, possible, or probable, and in addition, they can convey the strength of these attitudes. The subordinate clause in German and in Albanian has the contrast between the two languages, as discussed in this paper from 2.1 to 3.

“Do EFL Learners Need AI?”: Exploring Learners’ Perspectives on the Use of ChatGPT for Morphology and Syntax Learning Tasks

2025-03-17T09:40:08+08:00

This study investigates English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ perspectives on using ChatGPT for English morphology and syntax learning tasks. Data were collected from 24 EFL learners enrolled in an English Morphology and Syntax course at a university in Jakarta, Indonesia, through weekly progress reports and a focus group discussion. The findings reveal that learners utilize ChatGPT for various purposes, including simplifying, confirming, elaborating, previewing, and supplementing course materials. While learners generally hold positive perceptions of ChatGPT, concerns regarding its accuracy and its limitations in morphological and morphemic analysis were noted. The study indicates that while ChatGPT can assist with basic explanations and concepts, it struggles with complex linguistic analysis, making it a supplementary tool rather than a substitute for textbooks or instructors. Learners expressed the need for improved citation references and multimodal support in ChatGPT, as well as more reliable information. These findings provide empirical evidence of ChatGPT’s role in EFL linguistic learning, showing its potential to enhance learning experiences while emphasizing its limitations. The study suggests that ChatGPT, when used appropriately, can support EFL learners in understanding linguistic concepts but cannot replace the traditional classroom learning environment. The study also offers insights for future pedagogical strategies to effectively integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools into linguistics education.

Psycholinguistic Perspectives on Jordanian University Students’ Attitudes toward Uncommon Arabic Personal Names

2025-03-11T13:55:21+08:00

Personal names are fundamental linguistic and social markers that influence identity, self-perception, and societal interactions. This study examines the attitudes of Jordanian university students toward uncommon Arabic personal names, focusing on their perceptions of the social and psychological implications of these names. A dataset of unusual Arabic names was extracted from the University of Jordan Yearbook (2019/2020), identifying names that appeared only once. A structured 13-item questionnaire was administered to 150 University of Jordan students, with validation conducted by a panel of psycholinguistics experts. Results indicate that 74% of students hold positive attitudes toward uncommon names, with 76% willing to name their children accordingly. Perceived benefits include individuality and distinction, whereas concerns focus on potential social ridicule. Students attribute the rise of unique names to societal shifts, cultural identity, and influences from modernisation. Gender differences emerged, with students favouring uncommon names for females more than males due to associations with uniqueness and aesthetic appeal. The findings highlight the intricate relationship between language, culture, and individual identity, providing a deeper understanding of the psychological and societal factors that shape name perception. This study offers insights into the evolving linguistic landscape of Arabic personal naming conventions, bridging the fields of sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics.

AI-Driven Personalized Learning in Medical Education: Enhancing Cognitive Skills and Addressing Language Proficiency Challenges

2025-03-27T13:43:51+08:00

This study examines the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-driven (AI-driven) personalized learning strategies in enhancing cognitive skills and language proficiency in medical education. By integrating AI tools into practical scenarios, such as clinical simulations and patient interactions, the research highlights AI’s potential to foster critical thinking, decision-making, and personalized learning experiences. A mixed-methods approach, combining pre- and post-intervention assessments, questionnaires, and interviews, reveals that while AI significantly improves cognitive skills, its impact on language proficiency is modest. A major contribution of this study is the proposed PCLC-AI Framework (Personalized Cognitive and Linguistic Competency Development with Artificial Intelligence), which aligns AI-driven learning with curriculum objectives to enhance both cognitive and linguistic competencies. The framework incorporates adaptive learning paths, interactive simulations, and integrated feedback mechanisms, offering a cohesive approach to skill development. Despite its potential, the study identifies challenges, including cultural adaptability, reliance on a single AI model, and the limited duration of the intervention. Findings thus underscore the need for longer-term studies and localized AI training datasets. By addressing critical gaps in the literature, this research provides actionable insights into optimizing AI integration for medical education.

Loan Words Stress System in Bedouin Jordanian Arabic: An Optimality Theoretic Account

2024-12-31T16:13:33+08:00

This study examines the stress patterns of loanwords in Bedouin Jordanian Arabic (BJA) through an Optimality Theory framework. It analyzes a dataset of thirty-four words, including monosyllabic, disyllabic, and polysyllabic forms. The analysis is conducted in two phases: first, evaluating the data based on metrical parameters to verify earlier findings; and second, applying the Optimality Theory model to provide further insights. The findings confirm that stress in BJA follows a trochaic foot structure, progressing from left to right, with quantity sensitivity and final mora extrametricality, while avoiding degenerate feet. The study also highlights that BJA stress patterns align with universal phonological constraints, establishing a clear hierarchy that governs stress placement. The research supports the idea that loanword adaptation in BJA conforms to established theoretical frameworks, reinforcing prior conclusions and providing a comprehensive understanding of stress assignment mechanisms. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader discussion on stress patterns in Arabic dialects within a theoretical phonological context.

Functional and Pragmatic Potential of Phraseological Units and Authorial Intention

2025-03-05T09:23:28+08:00

Modern linguistic research emphasizes the national and cultural aspects of language, recognizing it as an integral part of culture that reflects historical insights into a nation’s mentality and the dynamics of linguistic community development. In this context, phraseological units serve as a significant source of cultural information, embodying traditions, rituals, and stable models of world perception. Their interpretation is a cognitive process of decoding that reveals deeper cultural meanings. This study aims to examine the pragmatic potential of phraseological units and their role in conveying authorial intentions in 20th-century Kazakh literature. The research focuses on uncovering the relationship between the systemic meaning of phraseological expressions and their situational interpretations within texts. It also analyzes their cognitive and cultural content. The methodological framework of the study includes the phraseological description method, discourse analysis, the cognitive-discursive approach, and pragmatic-stylistic analysis. The materials analyzed comprise literary works by Kazakh writers Magauin, Zhumadilov, and Bokey, who are renowned for their vivid and figurative language. The findings reveal that phraseological expressions in the texts perform both communicative and cultural functions. They reflect national identity, worldview, and the authors’ individual styles. It was found that the transformation of phraseological units through context and modifications enhances their aesthetic impact. This transformation provides deeper insights into the authors’ personalities and artistic intentions. The conclusions underscore the importance of phraseological units as tools of literary creativity. They not only enrich texts stylistically but also convey emotional and evaluative meanings, facilitating the understanding of the embedded cultural codes.

Blended Learning Approach in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Context: A Qualitative Analysis of Student Learning Experiences and Challenges

2025-03-20T11:34:31+08:00

This study examines the integration of technology into English language training exploring various experiences and benefits. This research delineates the challenges that must be overcome to integrate technology into language learning. Data is collected using the interview approach from 6 participants using purposive sampling technique. This qualitative study aims to gather data about the advantages, disadvantages, and experiences associated with the use of technology in English as a foreign language. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis, which resulted in 4 main themes. Four main themes were (1) Perceptions of Effectiveness; (2) Involvement and Adaptability; (3) Challenges with Technology (Blended mode); (4) Recommendations for Addressing Challenges. The primary/Main themes were categorized according to 12 sub-themes. The results indicate that integrating technology into English language instruction has several benefits. Students may elevate their scores on English proficiency assessments, acquire a second foreign language, work autonomously, refine their writing, speaking, and reading skills in English, access online learning resources, utilize various applications, remain informed with current information, employ multimedia presentations, and demonstrate innovative pedagogical techniques. Potential obstacles to technology integration include the variety of problems that have arisen as a result of technical constraints and the inability to keep up with technological developments. Potential solutions are discussed in the study later.

Influence of Language On the Interpretation of Satisfaction Surveys in Professional Training: A Systematic Review and Linguistic Perspective

2025-03-12T11:40:16+08:00

This systematic review examines how linguistic structures influence the interpretation of satisfaction surveys within professional training contexts. Guided by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and the Theory of Discourse Evaluation (TDE), this study analyzes 39 empirical articles published between 2018 and 2024 in Scopus-indexed journals. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, studies were systematically identified, screened, and synthesized, while the GRADE methodology was applied to assess evidence quality. The findings reveal that linguistic elements, such as ambiguous wording, implicit evaluative terms, and culturally biased phrasing, significantly impact the validity of survey responses. The reviewed literature shows a dominance of quantitative methodologies, with limited integration of mixed-methods and discourse analysis. Three major gaps were identified: the absence of comparative studies on survey models, the lack of research addressing emotional and motivational factors in satisfaction assessment, and the narrow contextual focus on academic and corporate settings. The study emphasizes the necessity of incorporating CDA and TDE frameworks in survey design to mitigate discursive biases and enhance instrument validity. It also calls for linguistic validation practices and the inclusion of socio-emotional dimensions in satisfaction measurement. The review contributes to applied linguistics and training evaluation by providing practical recommendations for survey designers to ensure culturally sensitive, reliable, and methodologically robust instruments. Ultimately, this research underscores that language is a key determinant of data quality in training evaluations and not merely a technical aspect of survey construction.

Double Modals in Najdi Arabic

2025-03-11T16:32:30+08:00

In contrast to constructions with single modals, the double-modal pattern is known to be a rare syntactic process. This investigation examines the use of double modals (DMs) in the Buraydawi variety of Najdi Arabic (BNA). Previous studies state that Standard Arabic (SA) modals are in two categories: modals and semi-modals. Yet, only some of the modals suggested are actively used in BNA. Whereas modals are prohibited from co-occurring in SA, BNA demonstrates a great degree of flexibility in this regard. Unlike DMs in some languages, as were thoroughly discussed in the literature, DMs in BNA can exhibit flexible reordering. This switch of modals has prompted some linguists to consider revisiting earlier analyses of DMs. I propose that in BNA, two modal phrases (MPs) project higher than the tense phrase (TP). While MP¹in the tree diagram is occupied by the first modal, MP²is the maximal projection for the second modal. After the DMs switch places, each modal occupies the landing site of the other in the syntactic tree. Furthermore, if ɡdar ‘could’ is categorized as a modal, as some linguists have proposed, BNA would be able to build a three-way construction of modality.

Metaphors in the Language of Zhyrau: Structural Features and Functional Role

2025-03-06T14:39:11+08:00

This article explores the structural and functional characteristics of metaphors in the poetic language of zhyrau, who played a pivotal role in shaping Kazakh national consciousness and identity. The study investigates metaphors not only as stylistic devices but also as essential cognitive and discursive structures rooted in historical, social, and cultural contexts. Drawing on cognitive, structural-semantic, mythopoetic, and comparative-historical methods, the authors classify metaphors found in tolgau poetry into individual (authorial), conceptual, archetypal (symbolic), and discourse-based types. The article demonstrates how metaphors in zhyrau poetry express philosophical reflections, national ideology, and social critique, functioning as tools for political communication and historical narration. The poetic texts of prominent zhyrau such as Bukhar, Makhambet, Kaztugan, and Dospambet are analyzed to reveal the depth and diversity of metaphorical expressions, including equestrian, martial, and natural imagery. Through detailed textual analysis, the authors show how metaphor serves as a bridge between artistic expression and conceptual thought, enabling zhyrau to convey complex ideas on leadership, aging, conflict, and unity. The research emphasizes the syncretic role of the zhyrau—as poet, advisor, strategist, and ideologue—within the governance structure of the Kazakh Khanate. Ultimately, the study concludes that metaphor in zhyrau poetics is a multidimensional phenomenon that preserves and transmits national values, worldview, and historical memory, making it an integral part of Kazakhstan’s literary and cultural heritage.

Characterizing Workshops Promoting Motivated Engagement and Retention beyond the Sessions: Experiential Narratives from Education, Language and Social Science Instructors

2025-02-05T11:54:48+08:00

This was a qualitative research study that explores the type of workshops that facilitate inspired participation and sustainable knowledge construction among Education, Language, and Social Sciences teachers by looking at the longer-term effects beyond the sessions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-five teaching professionals who have experienced more than six years for rich narratives regarding their experiences during the workshops. Purposive sampling was utilized to select the participants with specific expertise and insight directly relevant to the objectives of the study. Interactive, tailored, and engaging workshops form an active learning environment by explaining things through storytelling and being easy to implement practically, thus explaining why teaching is motivated in the long term with such forms of workshops. Sustained support and impact in the long term can be ensured due to the effect of follow-up sessions, reflective activities, and resource sharing on a continuous basis. The results of the research have practical implications for educators and workshop designers in that there is now a need to strive toward creating transformative learning experiences that empower teachers to be more engaged, motivated, and impactful in their teaching practices. The effectiveness of different follow-up strategies also needs to be researched, along with the implications that would arise from participating in such workshops on the learning outcomes of students.

The The National Adaptation of Classicism: A Comparative Analysis of Albanian Tragedy and European Models

2025-03-11T14:15:18+08:00

This study examines the influence of classicism on Albanian dramaturgy, focusing on Etëhem Haxhiademi and Gjergj Fishta, two key playwrights who integrated classical principles within a national literary and theatrical context. While classicism emerged in 17th- and 18th-century Europe, its adaptation in Albanian tragedy followed a unique trajectory shaped by national concerns and socio-political transformations. The paper explores the structural, thematic, stylistic, and linguistic elements that define classical influence in Albanian drama, emphasizing Aristotle’s three unities—unity of time, place, and action—and their role in constructing a compact, morally instructive narrative. A key focus is placed on how tragic themes such as heroism, betrayal, and fate vs. free will are reinterpreted to reflect Albanian historical realities. Furthermore, the study examines dramatic discourse and rhetorical techniques, analyzing how linguistic choices, rhetorical figures, and metrical structures enhance emotional engagement. By integrating oral tradition, folkloric influences, and epic motifs, Albanian tragedy emerges as a hybrid form that bridges European aesthetics with local literary sensibilities. While drawing occasional parallels with European classical drama, the study primarily explores how classicism was adapted to Albanian dramaturgy, embedding national identity and collective memory within a classical framework. Characters often manifest archetypes deeply rooted in the communal psyche, reflecting not only personal fates but the collective struggles of a people. Language, too, plays a central role—blending high poetic diction with regional idioms to create a distinctive tragic register. In doing so, Albanian tragedy creates a unique space within European literature, one that is simultaneously rooted in tradition and responsive to historical rupture.

Epistemological Transformation of the Paradigm of Literary Studies in the Context of the Integration of Digital Humanities Methods

2025-03-11T10:32:51+08:00

The epistemological transformation of literary studies in the context of digital humanities and the post-humanities shift challenges traditional hermeneutic paradigms, requiring a fundamental reconsideration of literariness, authorship, and textuality. This article explores the impact of distant reading and computational methodologies on contemporary literary analysis, particularly within postcolonial and feminist criticism. By integrating large-scale textual analysis with AI-driven methods, distant reading unveils new historical, structural, and thematic patterns while simultaneously raising critical concerns regarding representation, data selection, and algorithmic biases. The study examines how digital humanities methodologies, such as sentiment analysis, topic modeling, and network analysis, reshape the interpretation of gender and race in literary history. Case studies demonstrate how AI-assisted literary analysis reveals structural imbalances in representation, while feminist and decolonial critiques highlight the ethical imperatives of corpus formation, algorithmic transparency, and epistemic inclusivity. The findings underscore the methodological and ideological tensions between computational literary studies and traditional close reading approaches, advocating for a hybrid model that integrates quantitative insights with hermeneutic depth.Ultimately, this article argues that digital methodologies not only expand the analytical scope of literary research but also redefine the epistemological foundations of the discipline. The intersection of distant reading with feminist and decolonial critique destabilizes canonical hierarchies, urging scholars to critically engage with the political dimensions of digital research. By foregrounding the ethical challenges of AI-driven analysis, this study contributes to ongoing debates on the future of literary studies in the digital age, advocating for a more inclusive, interdisciplinary, and critically reflexive approach to literary scholarship.