Next-Generation 3D Mapping Techniques for Geological Hazard Monitoring

2026-02-26T13:45:25+08:00

The increasing frequency and intensity of geological hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and floods underscore the need for advanced monitoring techniques. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), satellite-based technologies, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are next-generation 3D mapping technologies that have transformed geological hazards monitoring due to their high-resolution, real-time data that could improve hazard detection, risk evaluation, and disaster management. Through these technologies, detailed and three-dimensional models of geological features can be produced, and this helps in the detection of hazards like fault lines, unstable slopes, and volcanic activities with more accuracy than before. The combination of several sources of data and the development of machine learning and predictive modeling has further increased the abilities of 3D mapping systems, which have allowed them to monitor hazards in real-time and provide early warning systems. The challenges associated with data quality, computational requirements, environmental issues, and data integration still persist despite the great advancement. The future development of sensor technology, autonomous systems, and predictive modeling has the potential to enhance hazard prediction and early warning and risk mitigation approaches. Due to the use of 3D mapping technologies, disaster preparedness can be enhanced, negative consequences of natural calamities can be decreased, and the overall resilience to geological threats can be improved. In this review, the development, present status, use, challenges, and future trends of 3D mapping in monitoring geological hazards have been discussed.

Smart Environmental Technologies for Safeguarding Tangible Heritage: From Microclimate Control to Predictive Deterioration Modelling

2026-03-04T14:03:23+08:00

The environmental conditions determine the long-term conservation of tangible cultural heritage, affecting the processes of physical, chemical, and biological degradation of materials and situations over an extensive spectrum. The last few years have seen expansive gains in sensing technology, data acquisition, and analysis procedures, which have facilitated the creation of intelligent environmental practices that surpass the conventional and unchanging conservation policies. This review presents a recap on existing studies in smart environmental technologies to preserve tangible heritage with a focus on the spectrum between environmental monitoring and intelligent microclimate control, predictive deterioration modelling, and decision support. The paper reviews the main environmental hazards to build, movable, and outdoor heritage sites and outlines how high-resolution surveillance systems, sensor networks, and non-invasive methods deliver the data base of adaptive conservation management. Intelligent microclimate control strategies are studied in the context of the ability to achieve conservation performance, energy efficiency, and sustainability. Special focus is made on predictive deterioration modelling, which can include physics-based, empirical, and data-driven models, and the issues of validation, uncertainty, and interpretability in heritage. The combination of these elements as part of decision support structures is noted as a critical move to preventive and risk-based conservation. Through a critical analysis of the existing capacities and capacities, the review outlines the main gaps in the current research and the way forward in the future of designing resilient, data-infused heritage conservation systems that can address the strategic shifts in the environmental and climatic forces.

Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences

Next-Generation 3D Mapping Techniques for Geological Hazard Monitoring

Smart Environmental Technologies for Safeguarding Tangible Heritage: From Microclimate Control to Predictive Deterioration Modelling