Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences

Numerical Modelling of Tsunami Waves from Tonga Volcano on January 15, 2022

2024-11-30T21:59:37+08:00

The paper considers a catastrophic event - the eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano on January 15, 2022. The process of preparation and eruption of Hunga Tonga volcano generated tsunami waves that were observed throughout the World Ocean. This event was notable for its unprecedented global impact and the early appearance of tsunami waves at distant coastal stations. So, the first waves at tide gauge stations in Chile and Peru were recorded 4 hours earlier than the arrival time of tsunami waves to the tide gauge after the eruption of Tonga volcano. Two mechanisms are possible for the generation of early tsunami waves: acoustic Lamb waves generated by a volcanic explosion and submarine landslides that occurred on the slopes of the volcano during the preparatory phase of the eruption. In this study, numerical simulation of various pre-eruption landslide scenarios on the slope of Hunga Tonga volcano is carried out in an attempt to explain these early tsunami waves. Under computation the elastoplastic model of landslide was taken into account. Wave characteristics of a tsunami on the coast of Chile and Peru generated by a landslide process on a volcanic slope are obtained. A detailed comparison of virtual tide gauge data with observational ones is used to validate this model. The results obtained can be used to improve early warning systems.

Design Process of a Memorial Square to Thank and Respect for Healthcare Workers after Covid-19 Pandemic

2024-11-20T15:11:46+08:00

Open and green spaces are essential elements of cities. With the COVID epidemic, the importance of the need for open and green spaces in urban areas has become more understood. The aim of this study is to create a new and contemporary square in the working area where the current use and traffic create chaos, to add a new square to the open and green areas in Ankara (Turkey) and to create a connection between this area and the existing open and green areas. At the same time, health workers are honoured through a memorial area integrated into the square. The importance of the location chosen as the study area is that it is surrounded by many public health facilities and is a point of intersection of Ankara's existing open green space systems. Throughout the three-stage design process, brainstorming sessions were held, drawings and sketches were made, and urban analyses were carried out on transport, culture, art, education, health, open and green spaces. Solutions were proposed for both indoor and outdoor spaces, and the forms were transformed into functional design elements and reflected in the space. As a result, after the pandemic, a city square has been created where people can socialise again, with a monument, a square, water surfaces, an amphitheatre, viewing terraces, a market area, a bridge, sitting and walking areas that are appropriate to the capital.