Next-Generation 3D Mapping Techniques for Geological Hazard Monitoring

Shuai Fu — 2026-06-01

The increasing frequency and intensity of geological hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and floods underscore the need for advanced monitoring techniques. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), satellite-based technologies, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are next-generation 3D mapping technologies that have transformed geological hazards monitoring due to their high-resolution, real-time data that could improve hazard detection, risk evaluation, and disaster management. Through these technologies, detailed and three-dimensional models of geological features can be produced, and this helps in the detection of hazards like fault lines, unstable slopes, and volcanic activities with more accuracy than before. The combination of several sources of data and the development of machine learning and predictive modeling has further increased the abilities of 3D mapping systems, which have allowed them to monitor hazards in real-time and provide early warning systems. The challenges associated with data quality, computational requirements, environmental issues, and data integration still persist despite the great advancement. The future development of sensor technology, autonomous systems, and predictive modeling has the potential to enhance hazard prediction and early warning and risk mitigation approaches. Due to the use of 3D mapping technologies, disaster preparedness can be enhanced, negative consequences of natural calamities can be decreased, and the overall resilience to geological threats can be improved. In this review, the development, present status, use, challenges, and future trends of 3D mapping in monitoring geological hazards have been discussed.

Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences

Next-Generation 3D Mapping Techniques for Geological Hazard Monitoring