https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jzr <div style="float: left;"> <p><a href="https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jzr" target="_black"><img class="syfm" src="https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/public/site/images/shuangyu/shuangyu-02dwyj.jpg" alt="" /></a></p> </div> <div style="float: left;"> <p>ISSN: 2630-5100(Online)</p> <p>Email: jzr@bilpublishing.com</p> <p><a href="https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jzr/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions" target="_black"><button class="cmp_button">Online Submissions</button></a></p> </div> BILINGUAL PUBLISHING CO. en-US Journal of Zoological Research 2630-5100 <p><strong>Copyright and Licensing</strong></p><p>The authors shall retain the copyright of their work but allow the Publisher to publish, copy, distribute, and convey the work.</p><p><em>Journal of Zoological Research</em> publishes accepted manuscripts under <span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License</a></span> (CC BY-NC 4.0). Authors who submit their papers for publication by <em>Journal of Zoological Research</em> agree to have the CC BY-NC 4.0 license applied to their work, and that anyone is allowed to reuse the article or part of it free of charge for non-commercial use. As long as you follow the license terms and original source is properly cited, anyone may copy, redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform, and build upon the material.</p><p><strong>License Policy for Reuse of Third-Party Materials</strong></p><p>If a manuscript submitted to the journal contains the materials which are held in copyright by a third-party, authors are responsible for obtaining permissions from the copyright holder to reuse or republish any previously published figures, illustrations, charts, tables, photographs, and text excerpts, etc. When submitting a manuscript, official written proof of permission must be provided and clearly stated in the cover letter.<br />The editorial office of the journal has the right to reject/retract articles that reuse third-party materials without permission.</p><p><strong>Journal Policies on Data Sharing</strong></p><p>We encourage authors to share articles published in our journal to other data platforms, but only if it is noted that it has been published in this journal.</p> https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/jzr/article/view/4926 <p>Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Conventional chemotherapy remains to be the most preferred measure against leishmaniasis despite being associated with high toxicity and relapse rates. They are also expensive and require hospitalization. Plant-based compounds provide a better treatment alternative because they are effective, cheap, and less associated with toxicity and resistance. This study examined the therapeutic potential of Warburgia ugandensis, Prunus africana, and Piliostigma thonningii against Leishmania donovani infection in BALB/c mice. Anti-promastigote and toxicity studies were evaluated by incubating the test compound with promastigotes and Vero cells, respectively. Serum was obtained from the mice for total immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) quantification. For in vivo studies, the mice were infected with virulent Leishmania donovani then treated with methanolic extracts of Warburgia ugandensis, Prunus africana, and Piliostigma thonningii and control drug, pentostam (sodium stibogluconate). Treatment with the plant extracts and standard drug resulted to significant reduction in parasite burden. Outcomes in the mice treated with plant extracts were comparable to those treated with pentostam (P≥0.05). In the promastigote assay, all the test compounds killed more than half of the promastigotes at the highest concentration (500 µg/mL). Warburgia ugandensis, P. thonningii, and P. africana reduced the number of promastigotes from 2.0 × 106 to 7.7 × 103 , 72.0 × 103 , and 5.0 × 103 , respectively. Pentostam had the lowest IC50 (210 µg/mL), followed by Warburgia ugandensis (IC50 of 270 µg/mL). Piliostigma thonningii and P. africana were less toxic with IC50 of 720 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. There was low production of IgG antibodies following treatment with the plant extracts and high levels in the untreated control.</p> Maria Divinah Mogaka Joshua M. Mutiso John C. Macharia Rebecca M. Ayako Bernard Osero Michael M. Gicheru Copyright © 2022 Author(s) 2022-09-29 2022-09-29 4 4 10.30564/jzr.v4i4.4926