https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/sadr/issue/feed 2025-06-26T00:00:00+08:00 Managing Editor: Denise Li sadr@bilpubgroup.com Open Journal Systems <p>ISSN: Applying</p> <p>Email: sadr@bilpubgroup.com</p> https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/sadr/article/view/10054 2025-05-22T10:52:19+08:00 Caglar Ezikoglu caglarezikoglu@gmail.com Andac Karabulut andac.karabulut@hotmail.com Ali Samir Merdan samirmardanov@karatekin.edu.tr

<p>During the Cold War era in the world, the ideological approaches of the East and the West driven by the bipolar system directly influenced the state systems. The Soviet Union’s communist system, in particular, made a significant impact in Asia, notably due to the dominant role of the People’s Republic of China. With the critical role of China, the communist regime stood out as a distinctive ideology in the Asian territories. The exploitation efforts by imperial powers such as the United States, France and the United Kingdom in Asia led to torture and oppression, resulting in the repugnance and hatred of people. This repugnance not only sparked a revolutionary movement in Vietnam but also gave rise to terrorist activities in the Cambodian territories. Founded during the Pol Pot regime, the Khmer Rouge violent regime led to a brutal mass murder of millions of people especially in Cambodia under the Communist regime. The present study focuses on the massacre of the Vietnamese people by the Communist Pol Pot violent regime under the communist regime. Thus, the contextual relationship between ideology and political violence is tried to be proved with the data obtained from this case study, elite interviews and other secondary sources.</p>

2025-05-25T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright © 2025 Caglar Ezikoglu, Andaç Karabulut, Ali Samir Merdan https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/sadr/article/view/8259 2025-05-08T08:31:15+08:00 Reynaldo de’ Archellie reynaldo.de@ui.ac.id Chysanti Arumsari chysantiarumsari@ui.ac.id

<p>Russia has been trying to change its image in global politics since the demise of the Soviet Union. One of the most popular tools the Russian government used to do this is soft power resources. The exploration of Russia’s soft power can be seen from the Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation in 2016, which places more emphasis on the use of soft power instruments in the implementation of foreign policy. This article attempts to explore and understand the type and use of soft power resources of Russia in Indonesia. By using a constructive perspective and descriptive statistical methods, this article will capture how the Indonesian young generation perceives the type and the use of Russia’s soft power resources in Indonesia. However, this study’s data, collected in 2018, precedes the significant geopolitical shifts following Russia’s 2022 military actions in Ukraine, which may have altered global perceptions. Our results showed that Russian soft power resources emanated from Russian culture and Cold War historical remnants have been successfully converted into soft power attractions for foreign audiences in Indonesia. It indicates a shared understanding of the respondents about global multipolarity in which Russia was perceived as a balancing great power of US domination.</p>

2025-05-25T00:00:00+08:00 Copyright © 2025 Reynaldo de’ Archellie, Chysanti Arumsari