Abstract: The Philippines was in the 1960s a model of development in Asia and second to Japan, but occupies presently only the 11th position under South-East and East Asian countries in terms of GDP-per capita. The article explores why this important Asian country with a long colonial past and enormous economic potential still ranks under lowerincome countries and has in the last decades let pass by many other Asian countries. In answering this question,... More

Abstract: Nowadays, one of the major purposes of any company is to survive in the competitive business markets. This purpose would be achievable through improving and developing growth in most cases. Prior studies suggest that leadership is a vitally important factor in achieving growth in any company. Some researchers studied leadership topics as one of the significant motivations for developing and improving the growth of a company and agreed that... More

Abstract: The literature supports the notation that corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays a vital role in engaging consumers and establishing strong relationships with the organizations. However, CSR needs to be comprehensively studied as internal marketing to motivate employees to improve customer services by fulfilling their needs. Accordingly, the current study determines the impact of CSR congruence and efficacy on employee-customer... More

Abstract: Many studies and research have shown close relationships between seasonal phenomena that are related to religious beliefs and anomalies in returns and stock prices, which paved the way for exploring other anomaly days and wider time series that occur in the second month of the Hijri year, which is the month of Safar in the holy city of Karbala in Iraq, as it will represent an experimental addition to the financial scientific path and aid in... More