Review of the Magnet System for Magnetically Confined Controlled Nuclear Fusion Devices

Abstract

[Objectives] Magnetic confinement fusion is regarded as a critical solution to future global energy challenges. As the central component of magnetic confinement fusion devices, magnets play a crucial role in generating and sustaining plasma stability. A review of the magnetic system structures and specifications in representative magnetic confinement fusion devices worldwide was provided. [Methods] The technological evolution of fusion magnets was reviewed, from copper-basedto low-temperature superconducting, and finally to high- temperature superconducting magnets. The structure and performance parameters of magnetic systems in various typical fusion devices were summarized systematically. Additionally, the technical challenges in magnet development were explored and an outlook on future development trend was offered. [Conclusions] Advances in magnet technology are vital for enhancing the performance of fusion devices and accelerating the commercialization of fusion energy. With the increasing application of high-temperature superconducting materials and continuous optimization of magnet designs, the practical realization of fusion energy is becoming increasingly feasible.