Hydrogeological and Hydrochemical Characterization of Coastal Aquifers with Special Reference to Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Uttara Kannada, Karnataka, India

Authors

  • B. K Purandara National Institute of Hydrology, HRRC, VV nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
  • Sudhir Kumar National Institute of Hydrology, Jal Vigyan Bhavan, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
  • N Varadarajan National Institute of Hydrology, HRRC, VV nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
  • Sumit Kant National Institute of Hydrology, HRRC, VV nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
  • J V Tyagi National Institute of Hydrology, Jal Vigyan Bhavan, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jms.v3i3.3476

Abstract

In coastal areas of our country, in spite of having excess rainfall (more than 3000 mm), groundwater become a rare commodity during summer. Number of researchers have discussed the issues related to water scarcity of coastal areas where there is a huge pressure on environment due to increased population, tourism, agriculture and industrial growth. Fast depletion of groundwater is also reported in coastal districts due to continuous discharge of direct runoff and also through subterranean flow which is termed as Submarine Groundwater Discharges (SGD). Large quantity of contaminants enter the ocean system through runoff. This necessitated a detailed investigation to understand the hydrological processes involved and the source of contaminants. The present investigation is an attempt to make quantitative and qualitative assessment of SGD based on hydrological, hydrogeological and hydrochemical components. Accordingly, water balance components were evaluated based on hydrological and hydrogeological investigations. Hydrochemical parameters were also evaluated to understand the impact of seawater intrusion in pre and postmonsoon of 2019. Study revealed that, there are signatures of considerable quantity of submarine groundwater discharge in parts of Honnavara, Kumta, Ankola and Karwar talukas. The influence of seawater in coastal aquifers is quite rare all along the coast of Uttara kannada district which is attributed to high groundwater recharge (15-20%) occurring in catchment areas.

Keywords:

Groundwater recharge, Submarine groundwater recharge, Aquifers, Hydraulic properties, Hydrochemistry

References

[1] Burnett, W. C., Bokuniewicz, H., Huettel, M., Moore, W. S., and Taniguchi, M. Groundwater and pore water inputs to the coastal zone. Biogeochemistry 66 (2003) 3-33. DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOG.0000006066.21240.53.

[2] Mulligan, A. E & Charette, M. A. Inter-comparison of submarine groundwater discharge estimates from a sandy unconfined aquifer. J. Hydrol. 327(2006) 411-425. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.056.

[3] Gopal Krishan, Someshwar Rao. M., Kumar, C P., Sudhir Kumar , Ravi Anand Rao, M. A study on identification of submarine ground water discharge in northern east coast of India Sci dir aquatic procedia 3-10 (2015).

[4] Moore, W. S. The effects of groundwater input at the mouth of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Rivers on barium and radium fluxes to the Bay of Bengal. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 150:141-50(1997).

[5] Taniguchi, M., Burnett, W. C., Cable, J. E., and Turner, J. V. Investigation of submarine groundwater discharge. Hydrol. Process. 16 (2002), 2115-2129. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.1145.

[6] Suresh Babu, D.S., Anish, M., Vivekanandan, K. L., Ramanujam, N., Murugan, K.N., & Ravindran, A. A. An account of submarine groundwater discharge from the SW Indian coastal zone. Journal of Coastal Research, 25(1) (2009), 91-104. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.

[7] Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R. Muttiah, S & Williams, J. R. Large-area hydrologic modeling and assessment: Part I. Model development. J. American Water Resour. Assoc. 34(1) (1998) 73-89.

[8] SWAT, Soil and Water Assessment Tool: SWAT model. College Station, Texas: Tex. A&M University. Available at: www.brc.tamus.edu/swat/soft_model. html. Accessed 21 February 2007.

[9] Perroux, K. M. and White, I. Designs for Disc permeameters. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 52 (1988) 1205- 1214.

[10] White, I. and Perroux, K. M. Use of sorptivity to determine field soil hydraulic properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 51(1987) 1093-1101.

[11] Sharma, P. V. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. U.K. 474p (1997).

[12] Chaturvedi, R. S. A Note on the Investigation of Ground Water Resources in Western Districts of Uttar Pradesh. Annual Report, U.P. Irrigation Research Institute, India (1973).

[13] Krishna Rao. Hydrometeorological aspects of estimating ground water potential. Seminar on ground water potential in hard rock areas, Bangalore. Geological Society of India., 1(1) (1970) 99.1-18.

[14] American Public Health Association. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington, D (2012).

[15] Putty, M R Y, VSRK and Ramaswamy, R. A study on rainfall intensity pattern in Western Ghats, Karnataka. In: proceedings of workshop on watershed development in Western Ghats, February 2000. CWRDM, Kozhikode, Kerala, pp.44-55.

[16] Sarath Prasanth, S. V., Magesh, N. S., Jitheshlal, K. V., Chandrasekar, N. & Gangadhar, . 2012. Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in the coastal stretch of Alappuzha District, Kerala, India, Applied Water Sciences, Vol. 2, pp:165-175.

[17] Richards, L.A. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline Alkali Soils, Agriculture, 160, Handbook 60. US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC (1954).

[18] Doneen, L. D. Notes on water quality in agriculture. In: Published in water science and engineering. University of California, Davis (1964).

[19] Paliwal, K. V. Irrigation with saline water. In: Monogram no. 2 (new series). IARI, New Delhi (1972) pp 198.

[20] Revelle. Criteria for recognition of seawater in groundwater; Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 22 (1941) 593-597.

[21] Kim, J. H., Kim, R. H. & Chang, H. W. Hydrogeochemical characterization of major factors affecting the quality of shallow groundwater in the coastal area at Kimje in South Korea; Environ. Geol. 44 (2003) 478-489.

[22] Moujabber E L M, Bousamra B, Darwish T and Atallah T. Comparison of different indicators for groundwater contamination by seawater intrusion on the Lebanese coast; J. Water Resour. Manag. 20 (2006) 161-180.

Downloads

Issue

Vol. 3 , Iss. 3 (July 2021)

Article Type

Articles

License

Copyright and Licensing

The authors shall retain the copyright of their work but allow the Publisher to publish, copy, distribute, and convey the work.

Journal of Marine Science publishes accepted manuscripts under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Authors who submit their papers for publication by Journal of Marine Science agree to have the CC BY-NC 4.0 license applied to their work, and that anyone is allowed to reuse the article or part of it free of charge for non-commercial use. As long as you follow the license terms and original source is properly cited, anyone may copy, redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform, and build upon the material.

License Policy for Reuse of Third-Party Materials

If a manuscript submitted to the journal contains the materials which are held in copyright by a third-party, authors are responsible for obtaining permissions from the copyright holder to reuse or republish any previously published figures, illustrations, charts, tables, photographs, and text excerpts, etc. When submitting a manuscript, official written proof of permission must be provided and clearly stated in the cover letter.
The editorial office of the journal has the right to reject/retract articles that reuse third-party materials without permission.

Journal Policies on Data Sharing

We encourage authors to share articles published in our journal to other data platforms, but only if it is noted that it has been published in this journal.