Economic Impacts of Clinical and Sub Clinical Mastitis on Dairy Farms

Authors

  • Amjad Islam Aqib Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100
  • Afshan Muneer Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100
  • Muhammad Shafeeq Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38000
  • Nimra Kirn Department of Food Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/vsr.v3i2.4119

Abstract

Studies have reported on the economic impacts of clinical and subclinical mastitis on dairy farms. Bovine mastitis is a disorder that affects dairy farms and has a major economic impact. Most of the economic losses are the result of mastitis. Mastitis is an invasive infection that is among the most numerous and highly complicated infections in the dairy sector. Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases in terms of production losses among animal diseases. Mastitis reduces milk production, changes milk composition, and shortens the productive life of infected cows. Farmers must concentrate on avoiding mastitis infection whilst putting in place and following a mastitis control programed. Bovine mastitis, the most significant disease of dairy herds, has huge effects on farm economics. Mastitis losses are due to reduced milk production, the cost of treatments, and culling. Major factors related to low milk yield could be low genetic potential as well as poor nutritional and managerial approaches. Most of the losses are related to somatic cell count (SCC), which is characterised by an increase in the percentage of milk. Culling costs are the costs of rearing or buying a replacement animal, mostly heifers. Overhead impacts include the replacement animals' lower milk supply effectiveness. The expense of replacing animals prematurely due to mastitis is one of the most significant areas of economic loss.

Keywords:

Clinical; Subclinical; Mastitis; Dairy; Economic; Loss; Milk; Culling; Somatic cell count (SCC)

References

[1] Yousaf, K.E., Peterson, K.A., 2009. Optimized complementary auxiliary basis sets for explicitly correlated methods: aug-cc-pVnZ orbital basis sets. Chemical Physics Letters. 476(4-6), 303-307.

[2] Najeeb, M.F., Anjum, A.A., Ahmad, M.U.D., Khan, H.M., Ali, M.A., Sattar, M.M.K., 2013. Bacterial eti-37 Veterinary Science Research | Volume 03 | Issue 02 | December 2021 ology of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats and multiple drug resistance of the isolates. Anim. Plant Sci. 23(6), 1541-1544.

[3] Bachaya, H.A., Raza, M.A., Murtaza, S., Akbar, I.U.R., 2011. Subclinical bovine mastitis in Muzaffar Garh district of Punjab (Pakistan). J. Anim. Plant Sci. 21(1), 16-19.

[4] Bishop, D.V., Hardiman, M.J., Barry, J.G., 2010. Lower-frequency event-related desynchronization: a signature of late mismatch responses to sounds, which is reduced or absent in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Neuroscience. 30(46), 15578-15584.

[5] Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D., 2007. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. Veterinary medicine. 10, 2045-2050.

[6] Ogola, H., Shitandi, A., Nanua, J., 2007. Effect of mastitis on raw milk compositional quality. Journal of Veterinary Science. 8(3), 237-242.

[7] Cobirka, M., Tancin, V., Slama, P., 2020. Epidemiology and classification of mastitis. Animals. 10(12), 2212.

[8] Halasa, T., Huijps, K., Østerås, O., Hogeveen, H., 2007. Economic effects of bovine mastitis and mastitis management: A review. Veterinary quarterly. 29(1), 18-31.

[9] Petrovski, K.R., Trajcev, M., Buneski, G., 2006. A review of the factors affecting the costs of bovine mastitis. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 77(2), 52-60.

[10] Mungube, E.O., Tenhagen, B.A., Regassa, F., Kyule, M.N., Shiferaw, Y., Kassa, T., Baumann, M.P.O., 2005. Reduced milk production in udder quarters with subclinical mastitis and associated economic losses in crossbred dairy cows in Ethiopia. Tropical animal health and production. 37(6), 503-512.

[11] Seegers, H., Fourichon, C., Beaudeau, F., 2003. Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis

[12] economics in dairy cattle herds. Veterinary research. 34(5), 475-491.

[13] Elemo, K.K., Sisay, T., Shiferaw, A., Fato, M.A., 2017. Prevalence, risk factors and multidrug resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in selected dairy farms in and around Asella town, Arsi Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 11(45), 1632- 1642.

[14] Lucy, M.C., 2001. Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: where will it end?. Journal of dairy science. 84(6), 1277-1293.

[15] De Vliegher, S., Fox, L.K., Piepers, S., McDougall, S., Barkema, H.W., 2012. Invited review: Mastitis in dairy heifers: Nature of the disease, potential impact, prevention, and control. Journal of dairy science. 95(3), 1025-1040.

[16] Zouharova, M., Rysanek, D., 2008. Multiplex PCR and RPLA Identification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigenic strains from bulk tank milk. Zoonoses and Public health. 55(6), 313-319.

[17] Abdullah, S.N., You, K.Y., Khamis, N.H., Chong, C.Y., 2019. Modelling the Dielectric Properties of Cow's Raw Milk Under Vat Pasteurization. Progress In Electromagnetics Research M. 84, 157-166.

[18] Ali, M.A., Ahmad, M.D., Muhammad, K., Anjum, A.A., 2011. Prevalence of sub clinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes of Punjab, Pakistan. J Anim Plant Sci. 21(3), 477-480.

[19] Huijps, K., Lam, T.J., Hogeveen, H., 2008. Costs of mastitis: facts and perception. Journal of Dairy Research. 75(1), 113-120.

[20] Gröhn, Y.T., Wilson, D.J., González, R.N., Hertl, J.A., Schulte, H., Bennett, G., Schukken, Y.H., 2004. Effect of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 87(10), 3358-3374.

[21] Ma, Y., Ryan, C., Barbano, D.M., Galton, D.M., Rudan, M.A., Boor, K.J., 2000. Effects of somatic cell count on quality and shelf-life of pasteurized fluid milk. Journal of dairy science. 83(2), 264-274.

[22] Rose, S.G.S., Swinkels, J.M., Kremer, W.D., Kruitwagen, C.L., Zadoks, R.N., 2003. Effect of penethamatehydriodide treatment on bacteriological cure, somatic cell count and milk production of cows and quarters with chronic subclinical Streptococcus uberis or Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection. Journal of Dairy Research. 70(4), 387-394.

[23] Kocak, O., 2006. Influence of mastitis on milk yield in Holstein cows. Acta Veterinaria Brno. 75(4), 507-513.

[24] Zhao, Y., Liu, H., Zhao, X., Gao, Y., Zhang, M., Chen, D., 2015. Prevalence and pathogens of subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in China. Tropical animal health and production. 47(2), 429-435.

[25] Simpson, R.B., Wesen, D.P., Anderson, K.L., Armstrong, J.D., Harvey, R.W., 1995. Subclinical mastitis and milk production in primiparous Simmental cows. Journal of animal science. 73(6), 1552-1558.

[26] Iqbal, A., Khan, B.B., Tariq, M., Mirza, M.A., 2008. Goat-A potential dairy animal: present and future prospects. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Pakistan).

[27] Mainau, E., Temple, D., Manteca, X., 2014. Welfare 38 Veterinary Science Research | Volume 03 | Issue 02 | December 2021 issues related to mastitis in dairy cows. Farm Anim. Welf. Educ. Cent. 10(2).

[28] Cheng, W.N., Han, S.G., 2020. Bovine mastitis: risk factors, therapeutic strategies, and alternative treatments—A review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 33(11), 1699.

[29] Siivonen, J., Taponen, S., Hovinen, M., Pastell, M., Lensink, B.J., Pyörälä, S., Hänninen, L., 2011. Impact of acute clinical mastitis on cow behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 132(3-4), 101-106.

[30] Sarker, H., Samad, M.A., 2011. Udder-halve-wise comparative prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in lactating goats with their bacterial pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 9(2), 137-143.

[31] Bradley, A.J., 2002. Bovine mastitis: an evolving disease. The veterinary journal. 164(2), 116-128.

[32] Lakew, M., Tolosa, T., Tigre, W., 2009. Prevalence and major bacterial causes of bovine mastitis in Asella, South Eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 41(7), 1525-1530.

[33] Kumari, T., Bhakat, C., Choudhary, R.K., 2018. A review on subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Int. J. Pure Appl. Biosci. 6(2), 1291-1299.

[34] Sinha, M.K., Thombare, N.N., Mondal, B., 2014. Subclinical mastitis in dairy animals: incidence, economics, and predisposing factors. The Scientific World Journal.

[35] Javed, M.T., Shahid, A.L., Farooqi, F.A., Akhtar, M., Cardenas, G.A., Wasiq, M., Cagiola, M., 2010. Risk factors associated with the presence of positive reactions in the SCCIT test in water buffalo around two cities in Punjab, Pakistan. Acta tropica. 115(3), 242- 247.

[36] Rainard, P., Foucras, G., Fitzgerald, J.R., Watts, J.L., Koop, G., Middleton, J.R., 2018. Knowledge gaps and research priorities in Staphylococcus aureus mastitis control. Transboundary and emerging diseases. 65, 149-165.

[37] Gomes, F., Saavedra, M.J., Henriques, M., 2016. Bovine mastitis disease/pathogenicity: evidence of the potential role of microbial biofilms. FEMS Pathogens and Disease. 74(3), ftw006.

[38] Mai, K., Feng, J., Chen, G., Li, D., Zhou, L., Bai, Y., Ma, J., 2018. The detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus from Guangdong Province in Southern China. Transboundary and emerging diseases. 65(1), 166-173.

[39] Mohebbi-Fani, M., Ansari-Lari, M., Aghamiri, M., 2013. Descriptive survey of the environmental risk factors of diseases in dairy farms of Fars province: suggestion of a method for quantifying the subjective data. Iranian Veterinary Journal. 9(2), 106-119.

[40] Sheet, O.H., Grabowski, N.T., Klein, G., Abdulmawjood, A., 2016. Development and validation of a loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis milk samples. Molecular and cellular probes. 30(5), 320-325.

[41] Pyörälä, S., 2002. New strategies to prevent mastitis. Reproduction in domestic animals. 37(4), 211-216.

[42] Bar, D., Tauer, L.W., Bennett, G., Gonzalez, R.N., Hertl, J.A., Schukken, Y.H., ... Gröhn, Y.T., 2008. The cost of generic clinical mastitis in dairy cows as estimated by using dynamic programming. Journal of dairy science. 91(6), 2205-2214.

[43] Mai, K., Feng, J., Chen, G., Li, D., Zhou, L., Bai, Y., ... Ma, J., 2018. The detection andphylogenetic analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus from Guangdong Province in Southern China. Transboundary and emerging diseases. 65(1), 166-173.

[44] Lehtolainen, T., 2004. Escherichia coli mastitis: Bacterial factors and host response.

[45] Khan, F.A., Pandupuspitasari, N.S., Huang, C.J., Hao, X., Zhang, S., 2016. SUMOylation: a link to future therapeutics. Current issues in molecular biology. 18(1), 49-56.

[46] Zadoks, R.N., Allore, H.G., Barkema, H.W., Sampimon, O.C., Wellenberg, G.J., Gröhn, Y.T., Schukken, Y.H., 2001. Cow-and quarter-level risk factors for Streptococcus uberis and Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science. 84(12), 2649- 2663.

[47] Ribeiro, M.G., Motta, R.G., Paes, A.C., Allendorf, S.D., Salerno, T., Siqueira, A.K., ... Lara, G.H.B., 2008. Peracute bovine mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. ArquivoBrasileiro de MedicinaVeterinária e Zootecnia. 60(2), 485-488.

[48] Ohnishi, M., Okatani, A.T., Harada, K., Sawada, T., Marumo, K., Murakami, M., ... Takahashi, T., 2013. Genetic characteristics of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae involved in mastitis cases on Japanese dairy farms, 2007 to 2011. Journal of clinical microbiology. 51(9), 3117-3122..

[49] Paul, I., Ganguly, S., 2014. Molecular detection of etiology causing mastitis, a bacterial infection of cattle udder: A review. Int J Rec Biotech. 2, 33-34.

[50] Gröhn, Y.T., Wilson, D.J., González, R.N., Hertl, J.A., Schulte, H., Bennett, G., Schukken, Y.H., 2004. Effect of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on milk 39 Veterinary Science Research | Volume 03 | Issue 02 | December 2021 yield in dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 87(10), 3358-3374.

[51] Lyhs, U., Kulkas, L., Katholm, J., Waller, K.P., Saha, K., Tomusk, R.J., Zadoks, R.N., 2016. Streptococcus agalactiae serotype IV in humans and cattle, northern Europe. Emerging infectious diseases. 22(12), 2097.

[52] Fox, L.K., Chester, S.T., Hallberg, J.W., Nickerson, S.C., Pankey, J.W., Weaver, L.D., 1995. Survey of intramammary infections in dairy heifers at breeding age and first parturition. Journal of dairy science. 78(7), 1619-1628.

[53] Swanson, E.W., Throop, B.T. MASTITIS STUDlis TEIWSSfENNESSEE.

[54] Pieterse, R., Todorov, S.D., Dicks, L.M., 2008. Bacteriocin ST91KM, produced by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus ST91KM, is a narrow-spectrum peptide active against bacteria associated with mastitis in dairy cattle. Canadian journal of microbiology. 54(7), 525-531.

[55] Audarya, S.D., Chhabra, D., Sharda, R., Gangil, R., Sikrodia, R., Jogi, J., Shrivastava, N., 2021. Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis and its Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control.

Downloads

Issue

Vol. 3 , Iss. 2 (December 2021)

Article Type

Articles

License

Copyright © 2021 Amjad Islam Aqib, Afshan Muneer, Muhammad Shafeeq

Creative Commons License

This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

Copyright and Licensing

The authors shall retain the copyright of their work but allow the Publisher to publish, copy, distribute, and convey the work.

Veterinary Science Research publishes accepted manuscripts under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Authors who submit their papers for publication by Veterinary Science Research agree to have the CC BY-NC 4.0 license applied to their work, and that anyone is allowed to reuse the article or part of it free of charge for non-commercial use. As long as you follow the license terms and original source is properly cited, anyone may copy, redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform, and build upon the material.

License Policy for Reuse of Third-Party Materials

If a manuscript submitted to the journal contains the materials which are held in copyright by a third-party, authors are responsible for obtaining permissions from the copyright holder to reuse or republish any previously published figures, illustrations, charts, tables, photographs, and text excerpts, etc. When submitting a manuscript, official written proof of permission must be provided and clearly stated in the cover letter.
The editorial office of the journal has the right to reject/retract articles that reuse third-party materials without permission.

Journal Policies on Data Sharing

We encourage authors to share articles published in our journal to other data platforms, but only if it is noted that it has been published in this journal.