Abstract: Because related data are seldom sufficient, expert judgments are imprecise, and forces and resistances differ, we provide an uncertainty-aware hierarchy that encompasses both random variation and incomplete knowledge. As a result of our work, we expect turning points, i.e., the points where acceptance or rejection will come about, to be bounded by risk very explicitly rather than simply giving a point estimate. The hybrid approach deals with... More

Abstract: Waste-to-material (WtM) strategies are central to circular-economy planning, yet pathway selection is complicated by uncertain feedstock quality, policy variability, market fluctuations, and coupled operational trade-offs. Existing evaluations often treat key drivers independently, limiting their ability to represent feedback effects that shape long-run pathway performance. This study develops a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) decision framework to... More

Abstract: Two-layer reinforced concrete (RC) slabs are commonly used in staged construction, repair, and strengthening, yet the relationship between local interface displacement and global slab response remains insufficiently understood. This study investigated six slabs measuring 1,200 × 1,600 × 120 mm under monotonic concentrated loading. The series comprised one monolithic reference slab and five two-layer slabs with different layer... More

Abstract: Wear depth is a key indicator of concrete durability under abrasive conditions, but traditional testing methods are labor-intensive, expensive, and slow. This research introduces a materials informatics framework that uses statistical models and machine learning to predict wear depth in fly ash concrete. A database with 439 concrete mixes was assembled from published sources. Input variables included cement, water, fly ash, aggregates,... More

Abstract: The construction industry generates about 36% of global energy consumption and 40% of CO₂ emissions, while material waste exceeding 30%, schedule overruns and cost escalation underscore the relevance of lean construction principles. This study compares Mivan aluminium formwork, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) core panel systems and fly ash geopolymer block masonry against conventional reinforced cement concrete (RCC)-clay brick masonry for a G+3... More

Abstract: Nowadays, the need for health-building is considered an important requirement in most countries, and these buildings have adopted WELL standards. Moreover, developing countries need WELL buildings to achieve the design requirement with limited resources. The study examines whether embracing WELL-rated construction helps advance these worldwide goals, improves community health, and safeguards environmental balance. Instead of numbers and charts,... More

Abstract: The design efficiency of Special Moment Frames (SMF) and Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) was evaluated for various building heights and seismic demand levels in accordance with Indonesian seismic regulations for steel structures. A controlled parametric matrix was established with controlled variables, comprising three-, seven-, and eleven-story office building models. Analyses were conducted for Pontianak and Lampung, representing... More