Composition and Distribution of Mosquito Vectors in a Peri-Urban Community Surrounding an Institution of Learning in Lafia Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Central Nigeria

Authors

  • Akwashiki Ombugadu Federal University of Lafia
  • Jibril A. B. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Mwansat G. S. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Njila H. L. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences,University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Attah A. S. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Pam V. A. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Benson R. F. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Maikenti J. I. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Deme G. G. State Key Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, PR China
  • Echor B. O. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences,University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Ayim J. O. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Uzoigwe N. R. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Adejoh V. A. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Ahmed H. O. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Aimankhu O. P. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Da’an S. A. A. P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, University of Jos Biological Conservatory, P. O. Box 13404, Laminga, Jos-East, Plateau State, Nigeria. Department of Natural Science, Oswald Waller College of Education Lifidi, P. O. Box 39, Shendam LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Lapang M. P. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Kure M. S. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
  • Samuel M. D. Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
  • Nkup C. D. Department of Biology, College of Arts, Science and Technology, Kurgwi, Qua’an Pan LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jzr.v4i3.4919

Abstract

Vector surveillance is very key in solving mosquito-borne health problems in Nigeria. To this end, the composition and distribution of mosquito vectors in a peri-urban community surrounding an institution of learning in Lafia metropolis, Nasarawa State, Central Nigeria was carried out between December 2016 and June 2017. The Prokopack Aspirator was used to collect indoor resting mosquitoes between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. from 30 randomly selected houses. Mosquitoes collected were knocked down and transferred into a well labelled petri-dish and taken to the laboratory for processing. A total of 664 mosquitoes were collected which spread across Culex quinquefasciatus 572 (86.14%), Anopheles gambiae 88 (13.25%) and Aedes aegypti 4 (0.60%). The abundance of mosquitoes in relation to seasons, species, sex, abdominal conditions as well as transmission indices across seasons significantly varied (P < 0.05). But, the distribution of mosquito in relation to house types showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The inhabitants of the area should ensure that all drainages flow through so as to reduce mosquito breeding grounds. Also, members of the community should always protect themselves by sleeping under insecticide treated bed nets.

Keywords:

Mosquitoes; Peri-urban area; Institution; Prokopack Aspirator; House types; Lafia

References

[1] Snow, K.R., 1990. Mosquitoes. Richmond Publishing, Slough. pp. 57-59.

[2] Knight, K.L., Stone, A., 1977. A Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World (Diptera: culicidae) (2nd Edition). College Park, Maryland: Entomological Society of America. 6, xi+ 611.

[3] Service, M.W., 1993. Mosquitoes (Culicidae). Lane R. P., Crosskey R. W., Editors. Medical Insects and Arachnids. London: Chapman 8 Hall. pp. 120-240.

[4] WHO, 2009. Dengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. Geneva: World Health Organization.

[5] WHO, 2011. Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500722_ eng.pdf.

[6] Muslu, H., Kurt, O., Özbilgin, A., 2011. Evaluation of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) identified in Manisa province according to their breeding sites and seasonal differences. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi (in Turkish). 35(2), 100-104.

[7] Sejvar, J.J., 2018. Zika Virus and Other Emerging Arboviral Central Nervous System Infections. Neuroinfectious Diseases. 24(5), 1512-1534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000652

[8] Tham, H.W., Balasubramaniam, V., Ooi, M.K., et al., 2018. Viral Determinants and Vector Competence of Zika Virus Transmission. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9, 1040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01040

[9] Ward, D., Gomes, A.R., Tetteh, K.K.A., et al., 2022. Sero-epidemiological study of arbovirus infection following the 2015-2016 Zika virus outbreak in Cabo Verde. Scientific Reports. 12, 11719. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16115-4

[10] Smith, K.G.V., 1980. Insect and Other Arthropod of Medical Importance. K.G.V. Smith, (ed) British Museum of Natural History London. pp. 561.

[11] Service, M.W., 1980. A Guide to Medical Entomology. London: The Macmillan press Ltd. pp. 256-421.

[12] Bates, M., 1949. The Natural History of Mosquitoes. New York: Macmillan Company, New York. pp. 379.

[13] Lapang, P.M., Ombugadu, A., Ishaya, M., et al., 2019. Abundance and Diversity of Mosquito Species Larvae in Shendam LGA, Plateau State, North-Central Nigeria: A Panacea for Vector Control Strategy. Journal of Zoological Research. 3(3), 25-33.

[14] Ombugadu, A., Micah, E.M., Adejoh, V.A., et al., 2020.Capsicum chinensis (Hot Pepper). Powder Larvicidal Activity Against Mosquitoes Larvae in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 31(5).

[15] Amusan, A.S., Mafiana, C.F., Idowu, A.B., et al., 2004. Mosquito Species Breeding in Ground Pools and Artificial Containers in Ajana, Ogun State, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Entomology. 21, 11-21.

[16] Amusan, A.A., Mafiana, C.F., Idowu, A.B., et al., 2006. Sampling Mosquitoes with CDC Light Trap in Rice Field and Plantain Communities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Tanzania Journal of Health Research. 7(3), 111-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v7i3.14247

[17] Mahesh, R.K., Jauhari, R.K., 2004. Seasonal abundance of vector anophelines in Doiwala area of Doon Valley, Uttaranchal. Journal Parasit Applied Animal Biology. 13, 65-70.

[18] Husainy, Z.H., 1986. Studies on some aspects of the bionomics of Anopheles (Cellia) annularis Van Der Wulp, 1884 (Diptera: Culicidae) in Bastar District, Madhya Pradesh. Indian Journal of Zoology. 14, 29-35.

[19] Sharma, V.P., 1998. Fighting malaria in India. Current Science. 75, 1127-1140.

[20] Bansal, S.K., Singh, K.V., 1993. Prevalence and Seasonal Distribution of Anopheline Fauna in district Bikaner (Rajasthan). Indian Journal of Malariology.30, 109-125.

[21] Malakar, P., Das, S., Saha, G.K., et al., 1995. Indoor resting anophelines of North Bengal. Indian Journal of Malariology. 32, 24-31.

[22] Manson, P., 1900. Experimental proof of the mosquito-malaria theory. Lancet. 1, 923-925.

[23] Lindsay, S.W., Snow, R.W., 1988. The trouble with eaves: house entry by vectors of malaria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 82, 645-646. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(88)90546-9

[24] Schofield, C.J., Briceno-Leon, R., Kolstrup, N., et al., 1990. The role of house design in limiting vector-borne disease. Appropriate Technology in Vector Control. C. F. Curtis (editor). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 233.

[25] Ault, S.K., 1994. Environmental Management: A Re-Emerging Vector Control Strategy. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 50(6 Suppl), 35-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1994.50.35

[26] Howell, P.I., Chadee, D.D., 2007. The influence of house construction on the indoor abundance of mosquitoes. Journal of Vector Ecology: Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology. 32(1), 69-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[69:- tiohco]2.0.co;2

[27] Micheal, C., 2014. Abundance of indoor resting mosquito populations and Plasmodium falciparum infection of Anopheles species in settlements around the Zaria dam, Zaria, Kaduna State. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Biological Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

[28] Ideozu, E.U., 1987. A study of Relative Abundance of Difference Species of Adult Mosquitoes in Samaru, Kaduna State. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, ABU, Zaria. pp. 35-38.

[29] Nendangtok, Y.I., 1991. A survey of mosquitoes in Biological Sciences Department of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. Unpublished B.Sc. project, Department of Biological Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. pp. 61.

[30] Ebenezer, A., Ben, H.I.B., Enaregha, E.B., 2013. Spatial distribution and indoor resting density of mosquito species in lowland rainforest of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Medicine. 8(4), 87-91.

[31] Ndams, I.S., 2004. Morphological and Molecular characterization of Anopheles species and infection of Plasmodium species in parts of Kaduna and Benue state, Nigeria. PhD Thesis. Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. pp. 132.

[32] Arum, O., 2021. Species Abundance, Composition and Colonization Behaviour of Malaria Vectors in A Semi-arid Ecosystem of Baringo District, Kenya. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/ works/species-abundance-composition-and-colonization-behaviour-of-malaria-vectors-in-a-semi-arid-ecosystem-of-baringo-district-kenya.

[33] Tiwari, S.N., Prakash, A., Ghosh, S.K., 1997. Seasonality of indoor resting anophelines in stone quarry area of district Allahabad, U. P. Indian Journal of Malariology. 34, 132-139.

[34] Umar, A.M., 2014. Molecular characterization of Anopheles and Plasmodium species and Retrospective study of malaria in Katsina State, Nigeria. Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State. PhD Dissertation. pp. 199.

[35] Baghel, P., Naik, K., Dixit. V., et al., 2009. Indoor Resting Density Pattern of Mosquito Species in Fingeswar Block of Raipur District in Chhattisgarh, Central India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases: Official Organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology. 33(1-2), 84-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-009-0014-3

[36] Njila, H.L., Naanmiap, D., Ombugadu, A., 2022. Assessment of Water Preferences by Gravid Female Mosquitoes in the Selection of Oviposition Sites. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 45(1), 36078-36084. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2022.45.007139

[37] Ombugadu, A., Maikenti, J.I., Maro, S.A., et al., 2020. Survey of Mosquitoes in Students Hostels of Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 28(4).

[38] Ombugadu, A., Ekawu, R.A., Odey, S.A., et al., 2020. Feeding Behaviour of Mosquito Species in Mararraba-Akunza, Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 25(1), 18742-18751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2020.25.004133

[39] Njila, H.L., Bilham, I.Y., Ombugadu, A., 2019. Infection rates and parity of mosquitoes in a Peri-Urban Area of Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. International Archives of Multidisciplinary Study. 1(1), 1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33515/iams/2019.023/19

[40] www.Climate-Data.org/AMOP/OpenStreetMap Con-tributors. Retrieved September 2017.

[41] Vazquez-Prokopec, G.M., Galvin, W.A., Kelly, R., et al., 2009. A new, cost-effective, battery- powered aspirator for adult mosquito collections. Journal of Medical Entomology. 46(6), 1256-1259.

[42] Gillies, M.T., Coetzee, M., 1987. A Supplement to the Anophilinae of Africa South of Sahara. South African Institute for Medical Research Johannesburg. 55, 1-139.

[43] Kent, R.J., 2006. The Mosquitoes of Macha, Zambia. Baltimore, MD USA: Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. pp. 33.

[44] Williams, J., Pinto, J., 2012. Training Manual on Malaria Entomology for Entomology and Vector Control Technicians (Basic Level). pp. 78.

[45] Mgbemena, I.C., Ebe, T., 2012. Distribution and Occurrence of Mosquito Species in the Municipal areas of Imo state, Nigeria. Tom. XIX(2), 93-100.

[46] Gillet, J.D., 1972. Common African Mosquitoes and their Medical Importance. London: William Heinemann Medical books Ltd. pp. 7-94.

[47] Suleiman, A.J., 2012. A survey of the indoor resting population of mosquitoes in some areas of Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria. http://biopathways.blogspot. com.ng/2012/07/ survey-of-indoor-resting-population-of.html.

[48] Adeleke, M.A., Mafiana, C.F., Idowu, A.B., et al., 2010. Population Dynamics of Indoor Sampled Mosquitoes and their Implication in Disease Transmission in Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases. 47(1), 33-38.

[49] Adebote, D.A., Oniye, S.J., Ndams, I.S., et al., 2006. The Breeding of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Peridomestic Containers and Implication in Yellow Fever Transmission in Villages around Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Journal of Entomology. 3(2), 180-188.

[50] Afolabi, O.J., Ndams, I.S., Mbah, C.E., et al., 2010. The Effects of Alteration of pH on the Breeding Characteristics of Mosquitoes in Phytotelmata in Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria. International Journal of Bioscience. 5(1), 32-36.

[51] Mboera, L.E.G., Megesa, S.M., Molteni, F., 2006. Indoors man-biting mosquitoes and their implication on malaria transmission in Mpwapwa and Iringa districts, Tanzania. Tanzania Health Research Bulletin. 8(3), 141-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v8i3.45111

[52] Sindato, C.B., Kabula, T.J., Mbilu, N.K., et al., 2011. Resting behavior of Anopheles gambiae s. l. and its implication on malaria transmission in Uyui district, Western Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research. 13(4), 122-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v13i4.70200

[53] Ebenezer, A., Noutcha, A.E., Agi, P.I., et al., 2014. Spatial distribution of the sibling species of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (Diptera: Culicidae) and malaria prevalence in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Parasite & Vectors. 7(32), 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-32

[54] Amusan, A.A., Mafiana, C.F., Idowu, A.B., et al., 2005. Sampling Mosquitoes with CDC Light Trap in Rice Field and Plantain Communities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Tanzania Health Research Bulletin. 7(3), 111-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v7i3.14247

[55] Malar, K.S., Gopal, R., Pandian, R.S., 2015. Influential inflicts of monsoon and agricultural practices among the population density of mosquitoes in the agro-rural villages of Madurai. International Journal of Mosquito Research. 2(1), 42-46.

[56] Overgaard, H.J., Tsuda, Y., Suwonkerd, W., et al., 2002. Characteristic of Anopheles minimus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) larval habitats in Northern Thailand. Environmental Entomology. 31, 134-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-31.1.134

[57] Afolabi, M.A., Amajoh, C.N., Adewole, T.A., et al., 2006. Seasonal and Temporal Variations in the Population and Biting Habit of Mosquito on the Atlantic coast of Lagos Nigeria. Medical Principles and Practice: International Journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre. 15(3), 200-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000092182

[58] Gubler, D.J., Reiter, P., Ebi, K., et al., 2001. Climate Variability and Change in the United States: Potential Impacts on Vector- and Rodent-Borne Diseases. Environmental Health Perspectives. 109(Suppl 2), 223- 233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.109-1240669

[59] Kelly-Hope, L.A., Purdie, D.M., Kay, B.H., 2004. Ross River Virus Disease in Australia 1886–1998, with analysis of risk factors associated with outbreaks. Journal of Medical Entomology. 41(2), 133- 150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-41.2.133

[60] Wu, P.C., Guo, H.R., Lung, S.C., et al., 2007. Weather as an effective predictor for occurrence of dengue fever in Taiwan. Acta tropica. 103(1), 50-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.05.014

[61] Oyewole, I.O., Ibidapo, C.A., Oduola, A.O., et al., 2005. Anthropophilic mosquito and malaria transmission in a tropical rainforest area of Nigeria. Acta SATECH. 2, 6-10.

[62] Adeleke, M.A., Mafiana, C.F., Idowu, A.B., et al., 2008. Mosquito Larval Habitats and Public Health Implications in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Tanzania Journal of Health Research. 10(2), 103-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v10i2.14348

[63] Okiwelu, S.N., Noutcha, M.A.E., 2012. Breeding site of Culex quinquefasciatus (say) during the rainy season in rural lowland rainforest, Rivers State, Nigeria. Public Health Research. 2, 64-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5923/j.phr.20120204.01

[64] Mboera, L.E.G., Seukoro, K.P., Mayala, B.K., et al., 2010. Spatio-temporal variation in malaria transmission intensity in five agro ecosystem in Mvomero district, Tanzania. Geospatial Health. 4(2), 167-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2010.198

Downloads

Issue

Article Type

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)