Assessment of the Protective Capacity of Vadoze Zone over Aquifer Systems Using Secondary Geoelectrical Parameters: A Case Study Of Kaltungo Area North East, Nigeria

Authors

  • E.Y. Mbiimbe Department of Geology, Gombe State University
  • I.B. Goni Department of Geology, University of Maiduguri
  • J.M. El-Nafaty Department of Geology, University of Maiduguri
  • A.U. Yuguda Department of Geology, Gombe State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.1633

Abstract

An assessment of the protective capacity of the vadose zone overlying the aquifer systems in the Kaltungo area was carried out to determine its influence on groundwater quality. Applying the schlumberger array with a maximum electrode spread AB/2 = 100m through VES, thirty water well points were surveyed using Omega terrameter (PIOSO1) resistivity meter. The field data was first subjected to manual interpretation through curve marching and then digitized modeled curves using computer software. The interpreted data revealed that the area is characterized by eleven different curve types representing three to five geo electrical layers. In order to assess the protective capacity of the vadoze zone over the aquifer systems, the longitudinal conductance (S) and transverse resistance (T) (secondary geoelectric parameters) were computed from the primary data using the Dar Zarouk formula. The values of S obtained range from 0.0018 to 0.4056 ohms with a mean value of 0.0135 ohms while the values of T range from 0.55 ohms to 1195.68 ohms with a mean value of 39.84 ohms. The values of S and T obtained reveal that 90% of probed points has poor protective capacity, 10 % has moderate protective capacity and 83 % has high transmissivity, 17 % has intermediate transmissivity. The T and S values are skewed towards poorly protective capacity thus making groundwater in the area highly vulnerable to contamination from the surface. To achieve good groundwater quality in the area, proper completion of newly constructed wells should install protective casing through the entire vadose zone.

Keywords:

Assessment; Protective Capacity; Vadose zone; Aquifer systems; Secondary Geoelectric Parameters and Kaltungo Area

References

[1] Ademilua, O. L. and Ogungbemi,O. S. Evaluating aquifer protective capacity of ground water resources within AfeBabalola University, Ado-Ekiti. Transnational Journal of Science and Technology, 2013, 3(6): 1857-8047.

[2] Ahmad, S. De Marsily, G. Comparison of Geophysical methods for estimating transmissivity and specific capacity. Water Resour. Res., 1987, 23: 1717-1723.

[3] Arabi, A. S., Nur, A., Dewu, B.B.M. Hydro Geo-Electrical Investigation in Gombe Town and Environs, Northeastern Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Management. 2009, 13(3): 65-68.

[4] Batte, A.G., Barifaiyo, E. Kiberu, J.M., Kawule, W., Muwanga, A., Owor, M., Kisekulo J. Correlation of geo-electric data with aquifer parameters to delineate the groundwater potential of hard rock terrain in Central Uganda. Pure Appl Geophys. 2010, 167(12): 1549-1559.

[5] Benkhelil, M.J. The Evolution of the Cretaceous Benue trough, Nigeria. Journal of Africa earth Sciences, ,1989(8): 251-282.

[6] Dasagues, A. Modelling base flow from alluvial aquifer using hydraulic conductivity data obtained from a derived relation with apparent resistivity. J. Hydrogeol. 1997, 5: 97-108.

[7] Dhakate, R., Singh, V.S. Estimation of Hydraulic Parameters from surface Geophysical Methods, Kaliapani Ultramafic Complex, Orissa, India. journal of Environmental Hydrology, 2005, 13(12): 12.

[8] Dike, E.F.C., Shemang, E.M., Dan Hassan, M.A. Water exploration in ATBU main Campus at Gubi using electromagnetic and resistivity techniques. unpublished report, 1994: 1-13.

[9] Egbai, J.C. Geo-electrical sounding for determination of aquifer transmissivity. Aust. J.Basic Appl. Sci. 2011, 5 (6): 1209-1214.

[10] Ezeh, C.C. Geo-electrical Studies for estimating aquifer Hydraulic properties in Enugu State Nig. Int. J. Phys. Sci., 2011, 6(14): 3319-3329.

[11] Frohlich, R.K., Fisher, J.J., Summerly, E. Electric Hydraulic conductivity correlation in fractured crystalline bedrock Central landfill Rhode Island USA. J.Appl.Geophysics, 1996, 35: 249-529.

[12] Henriet, J.P. Direct applications of the Dar Zarrouk parameters in ground water surveys. Geophy.Prospect., 1976, 24: 345-353.

[13] Kelly, W.E. Geo-electric Sounding for estimating aquifer hydraulic conductivity. Groundwater, 1977, 15: 420-424.

[14] Kirsch R. Groundwater Geophysics- A tool for hydrogeology. Springer- Verlag, Berlin Herdelberg, 2006: 493.

[15] Maillet, R. The fundamental equations of electrical prospecting.Geophysics. Journal of Hydrology, 1947, 50: 393-399.

[16] Mbonu,P.D.C., Ebeniro, J.C., Ofoegbu, C.O., Ekine, A.S. Geoelectric Sounding for the Determination of Aquifer Characteristics in parts of the Umahia Area of Nigeria. Geophysics, 1991, 56(2): 284-291.

[17] Mboringong, M.N., Ashano E.C., Olasehinde, A., Tabale, R.P., Abubakar Y. Evaluation of arsenic in rocks of Kaltungo area. journal of natural sciences research. 2013, 3(4): 25-30.

[18] Mundel, J.A., Lother, L., Oliver, E.M., Allen L.S. Aquifer Vulnerability analysis for water resource production” Indian Department of Environmental Management, 2003: 25.

[19] Niwas, S., Singhal, D.C. Estimation of Aquifer Transmissivity from Dar Zarouk Parameters in porous Media. Journal of Hydrology, 1988, 50: 393- 399.

[20] Oladapo, M.I., Mohammed,M.Z., Adeoye, O.O., Adetola, B.A. Geoelectrical investigation of the Ondo State Housing Corporation Estate Ijapo Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2004, 2(8): 785-791.

[21] Oladapo, M., Akintorinwa, O. Hydrogeophysical study of Ogbese South Western Nigeria. Global journal of pure and applied sciences, 2007, 13: 55-61.

[22] Olorunfemi, M. and okhue, E. Hydrogeologic and geologic significance of a Geoelectric Survey at IleIfe, Nigeria. Journal of mining and geology, 1992, 28: 221-229.

[23] Onuoha, K.M., Mbazi, F.G.C. Aquifer transmissivity from electrical sounding data,the case of Ajali Sandstone aquifer south West of Enugu, Nigeria in Ofoegbu, C.O., Ed Groundwater and minerl resources of Nigeria. Vieweg-Verlag, 1988: 17-30.

[24] Ponzini, G., Ostroman, A., Mollinai, M. Empirical relation between electrical transverse resistance and hydraulic transmissivity. Geo-exploration, 1984, 22: 1-15.

[25] Sa’ad, A.S., Baba, S. Geology and Petrographic study of the Granitic rocks of Kaltungo Inlier, Northeastern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics, 2017, 5 (1): 75-83.

[26] Utom, A., U., Odoh, B. I., Okoro, A.U. Estimation of Aquifer Transmissivity using Dar Zarouk Parameters from Surface Resistivity Measurements: A Case History from Parts of Enugu Town Nigeria. Journal of Water Resources and Protection, 2014(4): 993-1000.

[27] Zaborski P. M. Guide to the Cretaceous System in the upper part of the Upper Benue Trough, Northeastern Nigeria. Afr. Geosci. Rev., 1973, 10(1&2): 13-32.

Downloads

How to Cite

Mbiimbe, E., Goni, I., El-Nafaty, J., & Yuguda, A. (2020). Assessment of the Protective Capacity of Vadoze Zone over Aquifer Systems Using Secondary Geoelectrical Parameters: A Case Study Of Kaltungo Area North East, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences, 2(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v2i2.1633

Issue

Vol. 2 , Iss. 2 (October 2020)

Article Type

Article

License

Copyright © 2020 Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC