Enhanced Lead and Zinc Removal via Prosopis Cineraria Leaves Powder: A Study on Isotherms and RSM Optimization

Authors

  • Rakesh Namdeti

    Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman
  • Gaddala Babu Rao

    Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Muscat 133, Sultanate of Oman
  • Nageswara Rao Lakkimsetty

    Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering & Computing, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras al Khaimah 72603, United Arab Emirates
  • Noor Mohammed Said Qahoor

    Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman
  • Naveen Prasad B. S

    Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman
  • Uma Reddy Meka

    Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman
  • Prema. P.M

    Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman
  • Doaa Salim Musallam Samhan Al-Kathiri

    Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman
  • Muayad Abdullah Ahmed Qatan

    Department of Production, OQ-Bi, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman
  • Hafidh Ahmed Salim Ba Alawi

    Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Salalah, Salalah 211, Sultanate of Oman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i1.7474
Received: 10 October 2024 | Revised: 25 October 2024 | Accepted: 30 October 2024 | Published Online: 17 December 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the potential of Prosopis cineraria Leaves Powder (PCLP) as a biosorbent for removing lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions, optimizing the process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Prosopis cineraria, commonly known as Khejri, is a drought-resistant tree with significant promise in environmental applications. The research employed a Central Composite Design (CCD) to examine the independent and combined effects of key process variables, including initial metal ion concentration, contact time, pH, and PCLP dosage. RSM was used to develop mathematical models that explain the relationship between these factors and the efficiency of metal removal, allowing the determination of optimal operating conditions. The experimental results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model was the most appropriate for describing the biosorption of both metals, suggesting favorable adsorption characteristics. Additionally, the D-R isotherm confirmed that chemisorption was the primary mechanism involved in the biosorption process. For lead removal, the optimal conditions were found to be 312.23 K temperature, pH 4.72, 58.5 mg L−1 initial concentration, and 0.27 g biosorbent dosage, achieving an 83.77% removal efficiency. For zinc, the optimal conditions were 312.4 K, pH 5.86, 53.07 mg L−1 initial concentration, and the same biosorbent dosage, resulting in a 75.86% removal efficiency. These findings highlight PCLP’s potential as an effective, eco-friendly biosorbent for sustainable heavy metal removal in water treatment.

Keywords:

Prosopis Cineraria; Lead; Zinc; Isotherms; Optimization

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How to Cite

Namdeti, R., Gaddala Babu Rao, Nageswara Rao Lakkimsetty, Noor Mohammed Said Qahoor, Naveen Prasad B. S, Uma Reddy Meka, Prema. P.M, Doaa Salim Musallam Samhan Al-Kathiri, Muayad Abdullah Ahmed Qatan, & Hafidh Ahmed Salim Ba Alawi. (2025). Enhanced Lead and Zinc Removal via Prosopis Cineraria Leaves Powder: A Study on Isotherms and RSM Optimization. Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences, 7(1), 292–305. https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i1.7474

Issue

Vol. 7 , Iss. 1 (January 2025): In Progress

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Article

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Copyright © 2025 Rakesh Namdeti, Gaddala Babu Rao, Nageswara Rao Lakkimsetty, Noor Mohammed Said Qahoor, Naveen Prasad B. S, Uma Reddy Meka, Prema. P.M, Doaa Salim Musallam Samhan Al-Kathiri, Muayad Abdullah Ahmed Qatan, Hafidh Ahmed Salim Ba Alawi

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This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

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