Exploring the Interplay of Land Use Transformation and Its Environmental Impacts: A Case Study of Sonipat District, Haryana

Abstract

Land use transformations in Sonipat District, Haryana, driven by urbanization, industrialization, and land acquisitions, have posed significant ecological and socio-economic challenges, particularly concerning food security. This study investigates the interplay between these land use changes and their environmental implications at macro (district) and micro (village) levels, focusing on agricultural productivity and resource sustainability. The study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating secondary data from official datasets and primary data gathered through structured household surveys, focus group discussions, and visual analysis techniques. Data from 20 villages, selected based on predominant land use characteristics, were  analysed using statistical and geospatial tools, including ArcGIS and STATA, to quantify food grain losses and evaluate environmental degradation. Findings of this study reveal a 19% reduction in agricultural land over two decades (2000–2024), correlating with increased residential and industrial areas. Groundwater resources face severe overexploitation, with pollution from industrial clusters further degrading water and soil quality. The study estimates a total food grain loss of 1.5 million kilograms across surveyed villages due to land acquisitions. A strong positive correlation (R² = 0.98) between land acquisition and food loss underscores the direct impact of urbanization on agricultural output. The research underscores the urgency of sustainable land management practices, including preserving agricultural lands, optimizing groundwater usage, and enhancing community involvement in planning. By addressing these challenges, the study advocates for balanced urban expansion and food security to ensure ecological and economic resilience in the region.