Optimal Method for Production of Amorphous Cellulose with Increased Enzymatic Digestibility

Authors

  • Michael Ioelovich Designer Energy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/opmr.v1i1.1301

Abstract

In this paper, a simple and cheap method for producing of amorphous cellulose was studied by treating the initial cellulosic material (MCC and waste paper) with a cold solvent, such as aqueous solution of 7% NaOH/12% Urea, at the various ratios of the solvent to cellulose (v/w) (R). If was found that after treatment of cellulose materials with the solvent at R ≥5, a completely amorphous cellulose (AC) is formed. Due to high digestibility, the AC with concentration of 50 g/L is converted to glucose almost completely for 48 h under the action of cellulolytic enzyme CTec-3 with a dose of 30 mg/g solid sample. Such sample can be used as an amorphous standard in the study of crystallinity degree and enzymatic hydrolysis of various types of cellulose and lignocellulose. It was found that enzymatic saccharification is most advantageous to carry out at elevated concentrations of AC, 150 g /L. Due to high cost of MCC, it is preferable to use a cheap cellulose raw material, such as mixed waste paper (MWP), for the commercial production of AC and glucose. The resulting glucose can find application in biotechnology as a promising nutrient for various microorganisms.

Keywords:

Cellulose, Mixed waste paper, NaOH/Urea solvent, Treatment, Amorphous cellulose, Enzymatic saccharification

References

[1] Walseth C.S. Occurrence of cellulases in enzyme preparations from microorganisms. TAPPI, 1952, 35: 228-233.

[2] Zhou Sh., Ingram L.O. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of amorphous cellulose to ethanol by recombinant Klebsiella oxytoca SZ21 without supplemental cellulose. Biotechnology Letters, 2001, 23: 1455–1462. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011623509335

[3] Zhang Y.H.P., Cui J., Lynd L.R., Kuang L.R. A transition from cellulose swelling to cellulose dissolution by o-phosphoric acid: Evidence from enzymatic hydrolysis and supramolecular structure. Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7: 644–648. DOI: https://doi.org/org/10.1021/bm050799c

[4] Zhang Y.H.P., Ding S.Y., Mielenz J.R., et al. Fractionating recalcitrant lignocellulose at modest reaction conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2007, 97: 214–223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.21386

[5] Anantharam, P.D., Sasidhar V., Constange A.S. Enhancement of cellulose saccharification kinetics using an ionic liquid pretreatment step. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2006, 95: 904–910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.21047

[6] Roseneau T., Potthast A., Sixta H., Kosma P. The chemistry of side reactions and by-product formation in the system NMMO/cellulose (Lyocell process). Prog. Polym. Sci., 2001, 26: 1763–1837. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6700(01)00023-5

[7] Schroder L.R., Gentile V.M, Attala R.H. Non-degradative preparation of amorphous cellulose. IPC technical paper series, No 152. The Institute of Paper Chemistry. Appleton, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02773818608085213

[8] Ciolacu D., Ciolacu F., Popa V.I. Amorphous cellulose - structure and characterization. Cellulose Chem. Technol., 2011, 45: 13-21.

[9] Zhang Ch., Liu R., Xiang J., et al. Dissolution mechanism of cellulose in N,N-Dimethylacetamide/ Lithium Chloride: revisiting through molecular interactions. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2014, 118: 9507-9514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp506013c

[10] Egal M., Budtova T., Navard P. The dissolution of microcrystalline cellulose in sodium hydroxide-urea aqueous solutions. Cellulose, 2008, 15: 361–370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-007-9185-1

[11] Luo X., Liu S., Zhou J., Zhang L. In situ synthesis of Fe3O4/Cellulose microspheres with magnetic-induced protein delivery. J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19: 3538-3545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/B900103D

[12] Duchemin B., Le Corre D., Leray N., et al. All-cellulose composites based on microfibrillated cellulose and filter paper via a NaOH-Urea solvent system.Cellulose, 2016, 23: 593–609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0835-4

[13] Ioelovich M, Leykin A, Figovsky O. Study of cellulose paracrystallinity. Bioresources, 2010, 5: 1393– 1407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.3.1393-1407

[14] Hall M., Bansal P., Lee J., et al. Cellulose crystallinity – a key predictor of the enzymatic hydrolysis rate. FEBS Journal, 2010, 277: 1571-1582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07585

[15] Ioelovich M, Morag E. Effect of cellulose structure on enzymatic hydrolysis. Bioresources, 2011, 6: 2818-2834. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.3.2818_2835

[16] Ioelovich M, Morag E. Study of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated biomass at increased solids loading. Bioresources, 2012, 7: 4672-4682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.4.4672-4682

[17] Kang A., Lee T.S. Converting sugars to biofuels: ethanol and beyond. Bioengineering, 2015, 2: 184–203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering2040184

[18] Muratova E.I., Susina O.V., Shunaeva O.B. Biotechnology of organic acids and proteins. University press, Tambov, 2007.

[19] Bekatorou A., Psarianos C., Koutinas A.A. Production of food grade yeasts. Food Technol. Biotechnol., 2006, 44: 407–415.

[20] Anderson C., Longton J., Maddix C., et al. The growth of microfungi on carbohydrates. In: Single Cell Protein. MIT Press. Cambridge, 1975.

[21] Junker B., Mann Z., Seeley A., et al. Use of glucose feeding to produce concentrated yeast cells. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 2002, 97: 63–78.

[22] Molina-Ramírez C., Castro M., Osorio M., et al. Effect of different carbon sources on bacterial nanocellulose production and structure using the low pH resistant strain Komagataeibacter Medellinensis. Materials, 2017, 10: 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10060639

[23] Reddy C.S.K., Ghai R., Kalia V.C. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: an overview. Bioresource Technology, 2003, 87: 137–146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00212-2

Downloads

How to Cite

Ioelovich, M. (2019). Optimal Method for Production of Amorphous Cellulose with Increased Enzymatic Digestibility. Organic Polymer Material Research, 1(1), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.30564/opmr.v1i1.1301

Issue

Vol. 1 , Iss. 1 (June 2019)

Article Type

Articles

License

Copyright © 2019 Michael Ioelovich

Creative Commons License

This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC