The Residual Cu and Zn in Tropical Soils Two Decades after Amendment with Industrial Waste, Calcite and Cassava-Leaf Compost

Authors

  • Abdul Kadir Salam

    Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
  • Galih Susilowati

    Academic Staff, Sumatera Institute of Technology, Bandar Lampung  35145, Indonesia
  • Nanik Sriyani

    Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
  • Hery Novpriansyah

    Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i6.9211
Received: 24 March 2025; Revised: 18 April 2025; Accepted: 25 April 2025; Published Online: 9 June 2025

Abstract

Heavy metal concentrations in soils may decrease over time, correlating with key soil variables such as pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay, and organic carbon (organic C) content. The residual Cu and Zn were studied in tropical soils about 20 years after amendment with heavy metal containing industrial waste. Soils amended one time in 1998 with industrial waste, calcite, and cassava-leaf compost were employed as models and analysed for topsoil and subsoil Cu, Zn and several soil properties including pH, CEC, clay and organic C content in 2018. The highest Cu and Zn were detected in high heavy metal plots with the highest waste amendment, lowered by calcite and/or compost. The lower subsoil Cu and Zn were strongly affected by topsoil Cu and Zn. Single variable linear regression showed that the soil Cu and Zn had good relationships with the soil organic C and clay content. The inclusion of soil pH, CEC, clay and organic C content in multiple linear regression analysis improved their correlation coefficients, in which the correlation coefficients of Zn were higher than Cu. Long-term reaction in soils reversed the positive correlation of Cu – pH and Zn – pH in 1998 to the negative correlations in 2018. The soil Cu can be predicted with 33.8% accuracy with equation  while the soil Zn with accuracy 39.2% by equation . This results could be utilized to monitor the dynamic of Cu and Zn contamination in soil.

Keywords:

Heavy Metals; CEC; Clay; Organic C; Soil Reaction

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How to Cite

Abdul Kadir Salam, Susilowati, G., Sriyani, N., & Novpriansyah, H. (2025). The Residual Cu and Zn in Tropical Soils Two Decades after Amendment with Industrial Waste, Calcite and Cassava-Leaf Compost. Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences, 7(6), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i6.9211

Issue

Vol. 7 , Iss. 6 (June 2025): In Progress

Article Type

Article

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Copyright © 2025 Abdul Kadir Salam, Galih Susilowati, Nanik Sriyani, Hery Novpriansyah

Creative Commons License

This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

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