The Right to Public Participation in Advancing Environmental Sustainability in South African Cities

Abstract

Promoting environmental sustainability in South Africa’s cities through public participation is vital for fostering inclusive governance and equitable decision-making. Currently, 63% of South Africa’s population—and 64% of its youth—live in urban areas, with this figure expected to rise to nearly 80% by 2050. Rapid urbanisation brings significant environmental challenges, including air and noise pollution, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and inadequate waste management. Globally, cities contribute over 70% of GHG emissions and consume two-thirds of the world’s energy. South African cities face similar issues: worsening air quality in regions like the Highveld, water scarcity, urban flooding, waste management problems, and biodiversity loss due to urban sprawl. This article explores how South Africa’s constitutional and legislative frameworks support public participation in promoting urban environmental sustainability. Using doctrinal research, it examines key legal instruments—including the Constitution and environmental laws—that establish participatory rights and promote transparency, accountability, and inclusivity. The article draws on court decisions and case studies to highlight ongoing barriers to meaningful participation, particularly for marginalised communities. These include administrative inefficiencies, political interference, and unequal access to information and resources. The article concludes by proposing strategies such as capacity-building initiatives, the integration of traditional knowledge systems, and enhanced institutional coordination to strengthen public participation and improve urban environmental outcomes, addressing both global environmental pressures and South Africa’s unique urban sustainability challenges.