Balancing Tradition and Innovation: Ecological Impacts of Intensive Farming on Soil Health in Telangana, India

Abstract

Intensive farming practices, aimed at maximizing crop yields through substantial inputs of labour, technology, and chemical fertilizers, have significantly transformed modern agriculture. However, these methods have raised serious concerns regarding soil health, environmental sustainability, and long-term agricultural viability. This study examines the ecological impact of intensive farming on soil health in the KB Asifabad District of Telangana, India, where traditional and modern farming techniques coexist. The objectives include analysing socio-economic factors influencing farming methods, evaluating the impact of tilling techniques and fertilizer use on soil health, and promoting sustainable practices through education and policy recommendations. Findings reveal a strong reliance on chemical fertilizers, with 98.3% of farmers using them exclusively due to their perceived efficiency and rapid results. However, this overdependence has led to soil degradation, reduced microbial diversity, and environmental pollution. Conversely, despite its ecological benefits, natural manure remains underutilized due to scepticism and economic constraints. Mechanical tilling methods, while effective, have negatively impacted soil structure and fertility. The study highlights the necessity of transitioning to sustainable practices, integrating organic inputs, and adopting conservation techniques to restore soil health and ecosystem balance. This research provides practical pathways for achieving sustainable agriculture by integrating traditional knowledge with modern practices. It is particularly relevant for policymakers, agricultural extension services, and farming communities as it highlights the need for educational initiatives, financial incentives, and regulatory measures to ensure long-term soil fertility, environmental stewardship, and improved farmer livelihoods.