Optimization of ITO/V2O5/Alq3/TPBi/BPhen/LiF/Al Layers Configuration for OLED and Study of Its Optical and Electrical Characteristics

Authors

  • Ritu

    Department of Physical Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
  • Sandhya Kattayat

    Higher Colleges of Technology, PO Box-25026, Abu Dhabi, UAE
  • H. K. Sublania

    Department of Physics, Government College, Bhadra, Hanumangarh, Rajasthan, 335501, India
  • S. Z. Hashmi

    Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
  • Jasgurpreet Singh

    University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, 140413, India
  • P. A. Alvi

    Department of Physical Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v5i1.5977
Received: 18 September 2023 | Revised: 8 October 2023 | Accepted: 9 October 2023 | Published Online: 12 October 2023

Abstract

Nowadays, OLEDs have shown aesthetic potential in smart cards, sensor displays, other electronic devices, sensitive medical devices and signal monitoring etc. due to their wide range of applications like low power consumption, high contrast ratio, speed highly electroluminescent, wide viewing angle and fast response time. In this paper, a highly efficient organic LED ITO/V2O5/Alq3/TPBi/BPhen/LiF/Al with low turn-on voltage and high optically efficiency is presented including electrical and optical characteristics. The simulation of electrical characteristics like current versus applied voltage, current density versus applied voltage, recombination prefactor versus excess carrier density characteristics and optical characteristics like light flux versus current density, light flux versus applied voltage and optical efficiency versus applied voltage has been explained. The physical design, working principle and thickness of different layers along with the process of formation of singlet and triplet excitons are discussed in detail. Here double electron transport layer (ETL), cathode layers are used to enhance the electrical and optical efficiency of OLED. The operating voltage is found to be ~ 3.2 V for the ITO/V2O5/Alq3/TPBi/BPhen/LiF/Al heterostructure based OLED. The designed organic LED has achieved the maximum optical efficiency at 3 V.

Keywords:

OLED; Alq3; BPhen; TPBi; I-V characteristics

References

[1] Negi, S., Mittal, P., Kumar, B., 2018. Impact of different layers on performance of OLED. Microsystem Technologies. 24, 4981-4989.

[2] Sharma, G., Hashmi, S.Z., Kumar, U., et al., 2020. Optical and electronic characteristics of ITO/NPB/Alq3: DCJTB/Alq3/Ag heterostructure based organic light emitting diode. Optik. 223, 165572.

[3] Ritu, Quraishi, A.M., Kattayat, S., et al., 2023. Optimization of NPD/Alq3/TPBi/Bphen OLED structure and investigation of electrical characteristics along with allied parameters. Optical and Quantum Electronics. 55(8), 698.

[4] Sharma, G., Ritu, Quraishi, A.M., et al., 2022. Structure optimization and investigation of electrical and optical characteristics of Alq3/TAZ: Ir (ppy) 3-BCP/HMTPD OLED. Optical and Quantum Electronics. 54(5), 284.

[5] Burroughes, J.H., Bradley, D.D., Brown, A.R., et al., 1990. Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers. Nature. 347(6293), 539-541.

[6] Schwartz, G., Reineke, S., Rosenow, T.C., et al., 2009. Triplet harvesting in hybrid white organic Light‐Emitting diodes. Advanced Functional Materials. 19(9), 1319-1333.

[7] Kuei, C.Y., Tsai, W.L., Tong, B., et al., 2016. Bis‐tridentate Ir (III) complexes with nearly unitary RGB phosphorescence and organic light-emitting diodes with external quantum efficiency exceeding 31%. Advanced Materials. 28(14), 2795-2800.

[8] Ahmmed, S., Aktar, A., Ismail, A.B.M., 2021. Role of a solution-processed V2O5 hole extracting layer on the performance of CuO-ZnO-based solar cells. ACS Omega. 6(19), 12631-12639.

[9] Jiang, Y., Xiao, S., Xu, B., et al., 2016. Enhancement of photovoltaic performance by utilizing readily accessible hole transporting layer of vanadium (V) oxide hydrate in a polymer-fullerene blend solar cell. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 8(18), 11658-11666.

[10] McElvain, J., Antoniadis, H., Hueschen, M.R., et al., 1996. Formation and growth of black spots in organic light‐emitting diodes. Journal of Applied Physics. 80(10), 6002-6007.

[11] Burrows, P.E., Bulovic, V., Forrest, S.R., et al., 1994. Reliability and degradation of organic light emitting devices. Applied Physics Letters. 65(23), 2922-2924.

[12] Aziz, H., Xu, G., 1997. Electric-field-induced degradation of poly (p-phenylenevinylene) electroluminescent devices. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 101(20), 4009-4012.

[13] Kang, S.J., Park, D.S., Kim, S.Y., et al., 2002. Enhancing the electroluminescent properties of organic light-emitting devices using a thin NaCl layer. Applied Physics Letters. 81(14), 2581-2583.

[14] Lai, S.L., Tao, S.L., Chan, M.Y., et al., 2010. Efficient white organic light-emitting devices based on phosphorescent iridium complexes. Organic Electronics. 11(9), 1511-1515.

[15] Brütting, W., 2005. Introduction to the physics of organic semiconductors. Physics of Organic Semiconductors. 1-14.

[16] Bronstein, H., Nielsen, C.B., Schroeder, B.C., et al., 2020. The role of chemical design in the performance of organic semiconductors. Nature Reviews Chemistry. 4(2), 66-77.

[17] Ugale, A., Kalyani, T.N., Dhoble, S.J., 2018. Potential of europium and samarium β-diketonates as red light emitters in organic light-emitting diodes. Lanthanide-based multifunctional materials. Elsevier: Amsterdam. pp. 59-97.

[18] Dangi, S.B., Hashmi, S.Z., Kumar, U., et al., 2022. Exploration of spectroscopic, surface morphological, structural, electrical, optical and mechanical properties of biocompatible PVAGO PNCs. Diamond and Related Materials. 127, 109158.

[19] Dangi, S.B., Khichar, K.K., Kumar, U., et al., 2020. Investigation of optical properties of PVA-GO nanocomposites. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2220(1), 020082.

[20] Dhayal, V., Hashmi, S.Z., Kumar, U., et al., 2020. Spectroscopic studies, molecular structure optimization and investigation of structural and electrical properties of novel and biodegradable Chitosan-GO polymer nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Science. 55, 14829-14847.

[21] Heeger, A.J., 2010. Semiconducting polymers: The third generation. Chemical Society Reviews. 39(7), 2354-2371.

[22] Zhao, X., Zhan, X., 2011. Electron transporting semiconducting polymers in organic electronics. Chemical Society Reviews. 40(7), 3728-3743.

[23] Han, J.H., Kim, T.Y., Kim, D.Y., et al., 2021. Water vapor and hydrogen gas diffusion barrier characteristics of Al2O3-alucone multi-layer structures for flexible OLED display applications. Dalton Transactions. 50(43), 15841-15848.

[24] Obolda, A., Peng, Q., He, C., et al., 2016. Trip let-polaron‐interaction‐induced upconversion from triplet to singlet: A possible way to obtain highly efficient OLEDs. Advanced Materials.28(23), 4740-4746.

[25] Carvelli, M., Janssen, R.A.J., Coehoorn, R., 2011. Determination of the exciton singlet-to-triplet ratio in single-layer organic light-emitting diodes. Physical Review B. 83(7), 075203.

[26] Chua, L.L., Zaumseil, J., Chang, J.F., et al.,2005. General observation of n-type field-effect behaviour in organic semiconductors. Nature. 434(7030), 194-199.

[27] Li, Y., Sonar, P., Murphy, L., et al., 2013. High mobility diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based organic semiconductor materials for organic thin film transistors and photovoltaics. Energy & Environmental Science. 6(6), 1684-1710.

[28] Yu, Z., Perera, I.R., Daeneke, T., et al., 2016. Indium tin oxide as a semiconductor material in efficient p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. NPG Asia Materials. 8(9), e305-e305.

[29] Bel Hadj Tahar, R., Ban, T., Ohya, Y., et al., 1998. Tin doped indium oxide thin films: Electrical properties. Journal of Applied Physics. 83(5), 2631-2645.

[30] Shaheen, S.E., Jabbour, G.E., Morrell, M.M., et al., 1998. Bright blue organic light-emitting diode with improved color purity using a LiF/Al cathode. Journal of Applied Physics. 84(4), 2324-2327.

[31] Schlaf, R., Parkinson, B.A., Lee, P.A., et al., 1998. Photoemission spectroscopy of LiF coated Al and Pt electrodes. Journal of Applied Physics. 84(12), 6729-6736.

[32] Ow-Yang, C.W., Jia, J., Aytun, T., et al., 2014. Work function tuning of tin-doped indium oxide electrodes with solution-processed lithium fluoride. Thin Solid Films. 559, 58-63.

[33] Aytun, T., Turak, A., Baikie, I., et al., 2012. Solution-processed LiF for work function tuning in electrode bilayers. Nano Letters. 12(1), 39-44.

[34] Turak, A., Huang, C.J., Grozea, D., et al., 2007. Oxidation of LiF-coated metal surfaces: Multilayer cathode structures as used for organic optoelectronics. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 154(8), H691.

[35] Turak, A., Grozea, D., Huang, C., et al., 2012. Interfacial structure in organic optoelectronics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1208.0321.

[36] Turak, A., 2021. On the role of LiF in organic optoelectronics. Electronic Materials. 2(2), 198-221.

[37] Ahmed, S., Shaffer, J., Harris, J., et al., 2019. Simulation studies of non-toxic tin-based perovskites: Critical insights into solar performance kinetics through comparison with standard lead based devices. Superlattices and Microstructures. 130, 20-27.

[38] Jahangir, K., Nowsherwan, G.A., Hussain, S.S., et al., 2021. Electrical simulation and optimization of ptb7: pc70bm based organic solar cell using gpvdm simulation software. ICRRD Quality Index Research Journal. 2, 131-140.

[39] Puspita, D., Syarifah, R.D., Rizal, N.S., 2022. GPVDM simulation of thickness effect on power conversion efficiency of PEDOT: PSS/P3HT: PCBM solar cell performance. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2663(1).

[40] Hima, A., Khechekhouche, A., Kemerchou, I., et al., 2018. GPVDM simulation of layer thickness effect on power conversion efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3 based planar heterojunction solar cell. International Journal of Energetica. 3(1), 37-41.

[41] Li, Y., Sachnik, O., Van der Zee, B., et al., 2021. Universal Electroluminescence at voltages below the energy gap in organic light‐emitting diodes. Advanced Optical Materials. 9(21), 2101149.

[42] Pu, Y.J., Chiba, T., Ideta, K., et al., 2015. Fabrication of organic light‐emitting devices comprising stacked light‐emitting units by solution‐based processes. Advanced Materials. 27(8),1327-1332.

[43] Cohen, E.R., Giacomo, P., 1987. Symbols, units, nomenclature and fundamental constants in physics. North-Holland: Amsterdam.

Downloads

How to Cite

Ritu, Kattayat, S., Sublania, H. K., Hashmi, S. Z., Singh, J., & Alvi, P. A. (2023). Optimization of ITO/V2O5/Alq3/TPBi/BPhen/LiF/Al Layers Configuration for OLED and Study of Its Optical and Electrical Characteristics. Semiconductor Science and Information Devices, 5(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.30564/ssid.v5i1.5977

Issue

Vol. 5 , Iss. 1 (April 2023)

Article Type

Article

License

Copyright © 2023 Ritu, Sandhya Kattayat, H. K. Sublania, S. Z. Hashmi, Jasgurpreet Singh, P. A. Alvi

Creative Commons License

This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC