A Reverse Logistics Network Model for Efficient End-of-Life Vehicle Management in Morocco

Authors

  • Imane Rouichat

    Energy, Materials and Sustainable Development (EMDD) Laboratory-Higher School of Technology—SALE, Center of Water, Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development (CERN2D), Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco
  • Miloudia Slaoui

    Energy, Materials and Sustainable Development (EMDD) Laboratory-Higher School of Technology—SALE, Center of Water, Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development (CERN2D), Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco
  • Houria El Bakraoui

    Energy, Materials and Sustainable Development (EMDD) Laboratory-Higher School of Technology—SALE, Center of Water, Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development (CERN2D), Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco
  • Jamal Mabrouki

    Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modelling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, 7 CERN2D, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Science, AV IbnBattouta, Agdal, Rabat 10106, Morocco
  • Mohamed El Allaoui

    Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research Center: Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment (BIOBIO), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat,  Rabat 10106, Morocco

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i3.7660
Received: 1 November 2024 | Revised: 12 December 2024 | Accepted: 25 December 2024 | Published Online: 12 March 2025

Abstract

The Moroccan automotive industry is experiencing steady growth, positioning itself as the largest manufacturer of passenger cars in Africa. This expansion is leading to a significant increase in waste generation, particularly from end-of-life vehicles (ELVs), which require proper dismantling and disposal to minimize environmental harm. Millions of tonnes of automotive waste are generated annually, necessitating efficient waste management strategies to mitigate environmental and health risks. ELVs contain hazardous substances such as heavy metals, oils, and plastics, which, if not properly managed, can contaminate soil and water resources. To address this challenge, reverse logistics networks play a crucial role in optimizing the recovery of used components, enhancing recycling efficiency, and ensuring the safe disposal of hazardous and non-recyclable waste. This paper introduces a mathematical programming model designed to minimize the total costs associated with ELVs collection, treatment, and transportation while also accounting for revenues from the resale of repaired, directly reusable, or recycled components. The proposed model determines the optimal locations for processing facilities and establishes efficient material flows within the reverse logistics network. By integrating economic and environmental considerations, this model supports the development of a sustainable and cost-effective automotive waste management system, ultimately contributing to a circular economy approach in the industry.

Keywords:

Supply Chain; ELV; Reverse Logistics; Recycling Networ; Environmental Impacts; Circular Economy

References

[1] Moroccan Ministry of Industry and Trade. Automotive. Available from: https://www.mcinet.gov.ma/en/content/industry-0/automotive-0 (cited 12 August 2024).

[2] Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs Automobiles (OICA). World Vehicles in Use. Available from: https://www.oica.net/category/vehicles-in-use/

[3] CEIC. Morocco Motor Vehicles Sales. Available from: https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/morocco/motor-vehicles-sales

[4] Simic, V., 2013. End-of-life vehicle recycling-A review of the state-of-the-art. Tehnicki Vjesnik. 20, 371–380.

[5] Gupta, S., Chen, H., Hazen, B.T., et al., 2019. Circular economy and big data analytics: A stakeholder perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 144, 466–474. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.06.030

[6] Zhou, F., Lim, M.K., He, Y., et al., 2019. End-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling management: Improving performance using an ISM approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. 228, 231–243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.182

[7] Wong, Y.C., Mahyuddin, N., Aminuddin, A.M.R., 2020. Development of thermal insulation sandwich panels containing end-of-life vehicle (ELV) headlamp and seat waste. Waste Management. 118, 402–415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.08.036

[8] Azmi, M., Zameri, M., Saman, M., et al., 2010. Proposed Framework for End-Of-Life Vehicle Recycling System Implementation in Malaysia. In Proceedings of the 11th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing; Berlin, Germany, 23–25 September 2013.

[9] Rovinaru, M., Rus, A., 2019. The Economic and Ecological Impacts of Dismantling End-of-Life Vehicles in Romania. Sustainability. 11, 6446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226446

[10] ASM Auto Recycling. End of Life Vehicles. ASM Auto Recycling. Available from: https://www.asm-autos.co.uk/scrap-my-car/end-of-life-vehicle/ (cited 15 August 2024).

[11] Fonseca, A.S., Nunes, M.I., Matos, M.A., et al., 2013. Environmental impacts of end-of-life vehicles’ management: recovery versus elimination. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 18(7), 1374–1385. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0585-1

[12] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery, 2017. Processing End-of-Life Vehicles: A Guide for Environmental Protection, Safety and Profit in the United States-Mexico Border Area. EPA530-R-15–007, 2020 10.

[13] Kosacka-Olejnik, M., 2019. How manage waste from End-of-Life Vehicles? - method proposal. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 52(13), 1733–1737. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.451

[14] Massoud, M., Mokbel, M., Alaweih, S., et al., 2019. Towards improved governance for sustainable solid waste management in Lebanon: Centralised vs decentralised approaches. Waste Management & Research. 37(7), 686–697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X19836705.

[15] Mabrouki, J., Azrour, M., Boubekraoui, A., et al., 2022. Simulation and optimization of solar domestic hot water systems. International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development (IJSESD). 13(1), 1–11.

[16] Kinobe, J., Vinnerås, B., 2012. Reverse logistics related to waste management with emphasis on developing countries-A review paper. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering. 1, 1104–1118.

[17] Fattah, G., Ghrissi, F., Mabrouki, J., et al., 2021. Control of physicochemical parameters of spring waters near quarries exploiting limestone rock. In E3S web of conferences (Vol. 234, p. 00018). EDP Sciences.

[18] Keh, P., Rodhain, F., Meissonier, R., et al., 2012. Financial Performance, Environmental Compliance, and Social Outcomes: The three Challenges of Reverse Logistics. Case Study of IBM Montpellier. Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal. 13(3), 26–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16258312.2012.11517296

[19] Al-Jadabi, N., Laaouan, M., El Hajjaji, S., et al., 2023. The dual performance of Moringa oleifera seeds as eco-friendly natural coagulant and as an antimicrobial for wastewater treatment: a review. Sustainability, 15(5), 4280.

[20] de Brito, M.P., Dekker, R., 2004. A Framework for Reverse Logistics. in Reverse Logistics: Quantitative Models for Closed-Loop Supply Chains. Edited by Dekker, R., Fleischmann, M., Inderfurth, K., et al. Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany. pp. 3–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24803-3_1

[21] Bencheikh, I., Mabrouki, J., Azoulay, K., et al., 2020. Predictive analytics and optimization of wastewater treatment efficiency using statistic approach. In Big data and networks technologies 3 (pp. 310-319). Springer International Publishing.

[22] Zhang, L., Ji, K., Liu, W., et al., 2020. Collaborative approach for environmental and economic optimization based on life cycle assessment of end-of-life vehicles’ dismantling in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 276, 124288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124288

[23] Merkisz-Guranowska, A., 2013. Multicriteria Optimization Model For End-of-life Vehicles’ Recycling Network. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. 8(1), 88–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V8-N1-88-99

[24] Ghizlane, F., Mabrouki, J., Ghrissi, F., et al., 2022. Proposal for a high-resolution particulate matter (PM10 and PM2. 5) capture system, comparable with hybrid system-based internet of things: case of quarries in the western rif, Morocco. Pollution, 8(1), 169–180.

[25] Mgalaa, S., Mabrouki, J., Elouardi, M., et al., 2022. Study and evaluation of the degradation of procion blue dye by the ozonation method: parametric and isothermal study. Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering, 7(3), 691–697.

[26] Lu, Y., Broughton, J.G., Winfield, P., 2014. A Review of Innovations in Disbonding Techniques for Repair and Recycling of Automotive Vehicles. ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260007118_A_Review_of_Innovations_in_Disbonding_Techniques_for_Repair_and_Recycling_of_Automotive_Vehicles (cited 12 December 2024).

[27] Karagoz, S., Aydin, N., Simic, V., 2020. End-of-life vehicle management: a comprehensive review. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. 22(2), 416–442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00945-y

[28] Gharfalkar, M., Court, R., Campbell, C., et al., 2015. Analysis of waste hierarchy in the European waste directive 2008/98/EC. Waste Management. 39, 305–313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.007

[29] Benchrifa, M., Elouardi, M., Fattah, G., et al., 2023. Identification, simulation and modeling of the main power losses of a photovoltaic installation and use of the internet of things to minimize system losses. In Advanced technology for smart environment and energy (pp. 49–60). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

[30] El Alouani, M., Aouan, B., Rachdi, Y., et al., 2024. Porous geopolymers as innovative adsorbents for the removal of organic and inorganic hazardous substances: a mini-review. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 104(16), 4784–4796.

[31] Sundin, E., 2004. Product and process design for successful remanufacturing. Production Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Linköpings Universitet: Linköping, Sweden.

[32] Rachiq, T., Abrouki, Y., Mabrouki, J., et al., 2021. Evaluation of the efficiency of different materials to remove specific pollutants from landfill leachate. Desalination and Water Treatment. 238, 240–250.

[33] Weiss, M., Heywood, J., Drake, E., et al., 2000. On The Road In 2020 - A life-cycle analysis of new automobile technologies. Available from: http://web.mit.edu/energylab/www/pubs/el00-003.pdf

Downloads

How to Cite

Imane Rouichat, Miloudia Slaoui, Houria El Bakraoui, Jamal Mabrouki, & Mohamed El Allaoui. (2025). A Reverse Logistics Network Model for Efficient End-of-Life Vehicle Management in Morocco. Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences, 7(3), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i3.7660

Issue

Vol. 7 , Iss. 3 (March 2025): In Progress

Article Type

Article

License

Copyright © 2025 Imane Rouichat, Miloudia Slaoui, Houria El Bakraoui, Jamal Mabrouki, Mohamed El Allaoui

Creative Commons License

This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC