Publication Frequency Changed
2025-01-14
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Internal Migration in Burkina Faso
Authors
-
Gansaonré Raogo Noël
Geography Department, Gaoua University Center, Nazi BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 1091, Burkina Faso
-
Dahani Dramane
Geography Department, Gaoua University Center, Nazi BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 1091, Burkina Faso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i2.7825Abstract
Migration is a complex demographic phenomenon. Its dynamics can be explained by several factors whose spatial and temporal evolution is not easy to control. That is why this article aims to understand the factors of migration from a spatiotemporal perspective to fill the gaps in the literature. The aim of this article is to analyse the spatiotemporal dynamics of internal migration factors to deduce the zones of origin and destination in Burkina Faso. To do this, several types of data were used. These included secondary, spatial, statistical and survey data. The results of this study show that the influence of internal migration factors is uneven. The spatial distribution of internal migration factors follows a north-south gradient, with favourable conditions in the south. In fact, the northern part is characterised by a large population exodus, with around 42.6% of outgoing internal migrants, and the southern part by a large population influx. This southern part of the country receives around 34.6% of internal migrants. The areas from which migrants depart have unfavourable climatic, environmental, or socio-economic conditions, whereas the areas to which migrants migrate are characterised by favourable conditions for these factors.
Keywords:
Burkina Faso; Internal Migration; Factor; GIS; Multi-Criteria AnalysisReferences
[1] Kabbanji, L., Victor, P., 2006. Migration policies and labour migration from Burkina Faso to Côte d'Ivoire. In: AIDELF (ed.). Demographic Dynamics and Activities. International Association of French-speaking Demographers: Aveiro, Portugal. pp. 1401–1416. Available from: https://www.erudit.org/fr/livres/actes-des-colloques-de-lassociation-internationale-des-demographes-de-langue-francaise/population-travail-actes-colloque-aveiro-2006/001487co.pdf
[2] Fourissala, R.H., Gormo, J., 2013. Climate change and migration in the Sahelian strip of Chad. Journal of History. Juiz de Fora. 8(2), 163–180.
[3] Brüning, L., Piguet, E., 2018. Environmental change and migration in West Africa. A review of case studies. Belgian Journal of Geography. 1, 1–26. https://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/28836
[4] Henry, S., Boyle, P., Lambin, E.F., 2003. Modelling inter-provincial migration in Burkina Faso, West Africa: The role of sociodemographic and environmental factors. Applied Geography. 23(3), 115–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2002.08.001
[5] Burrows, K., Kinney, P.L., 2016. Exploring the climate change, migration and conflict nexus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 13(4), 443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13040443
[6] Henry, S., Schoumaker, B., Beauchemin, C., 2004. The impact of rainfall on the first out-migration: A multi-level event-history analysis in Burkina Faso. Population and Environment. 25(5), 423–460.
[7] Wouterse, F., Taylor, J.E., 2008. Migration and income diversification: Evidence from Burkina Faso. World Development. 36(4), 625–640. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.03.009
[8] Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie, 2022. Fifth general population and housing census of Burkina Faso: Summary of the final results. Report n°5, 2022. Available from: http://cns.bf/IMG/pdf/insd_rapport_v21.pdf
[9] Di Balme, L.A., 2010. Internal migration and the construction of a local political space: the case of the Moose villages in the Mouhoun Valley, Burkina Faso. In: Jacob, J.-P., Le Meur, P.-Y. (eds.). Politics of Land and Belonging: Land Rights and Local Citizenship in Southern Societies. Edition Karthala: Paris, Framce. pp. 177–198.
[10] Ilboudo Nébié, E.K., West, C.T., 2019. Migration and land-use/land-cover change in Burkina Faso: A comparative case study. Journal of Political Ecology. 26(1), 615–632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.23070
[11] Drabo, I., 2000. Agricultural migration and land tenure insecurity in the Bwa country of Burkina Faso. Space, Population and Society. 1, 43–55. Available from: https://www.persee.fr/doc/espos_0755-7809_2000_num_18_1_1924
[12] Dabiré, B., 2007. Family determinants of rural emigration in Burkina Faso. African Population Study. 22(1), 108–135. Available from: https://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?ep07006
[13] Dabiré, B.H., Soumahoro, K.A., 2024. Migration and inequality in the Burkina Faso–Côte d'Ivoire corridor. In: Crawley, H., Teye, J.K. (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of South–South Migration and Inequality. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland. pp. 223–245. Springer Nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39814-8_11
[14] Domenach, H., Picouet, M., 1995. Migrations. Homan & Migration. 224, 50–51. Available from: https://www.persee.fr/doc/homig_1142-852x_1996_num_1194_1_6149_t1_0050_0000_5
[15] Gray, C.L., 2009. Environment, land, and rural out-migration in the southern Ecuadorian Andes. World Development. 37(2), 457–468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.05.004
[16] Gray, C.L., 2011. Soil quality and human migration in Kenya and Uganda. Global Environmental Change. 21(2), 421–430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.02.004
[17] Zhang, H., Zhuang, L., 2019. The impact of soil erosion on internal migration in China. PLoS ONE. 13(4), 1–17.
[18] Mfewou, A., 2013. Migration, agricultural dynamics and land tenure problems in sub-Saharan Africa: The Lagdo irrigated perimeter (North of Cameroun). Space, Society, Territory, 32, 1–17. https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/26092
[19] Gnoumou-Thiombiano, B., Kaboré, I., 2017. Post-primary education inequalities in Burkina Faso. Autrepart. 3(83), 25–49. Available from: https://shs.cairn.info/journal-autrepart-2017-3-page-25?lang=en&tab=auteurs
[20] Drabo, I., 2000. Agricultural migration and land tenure insecurity in the Bwa country of Burkina Faso. Space, Populations, Societies. 1, 43–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/espos.2000.1924
[21] Marchal, J.Y., 1974. Geography of emigration areas in Mossi country. n°108, 1974, 44p. Available from: https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers14-08/22054.pdf
[22] Zidnaba, I., 2022. Child and youth migration in Burkina Faso: Between poverty, crises and challenges. Revue des Sciences Sociales. 10(37), 82–94. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368832213_LES_MIGRATIONS_DES_ENFANTS_ET_JEUNES_AU_BURKINA_FASO_ENTRE_PAUVRETE_CRISES_ET_DEFIS
[23] Ouattara, A., 1998. Migration, urbanisation and development in Burkina Faso. Works of UERD. 8, 1–32. Available from: https://ireda.ceped.org/inventaire/ressources/ouattara_ardjouma_1998_tr_008.pdf
[24] Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie, 2023. In-depth analysis of the characteristics of farming households in Burkina Faso. RGPH n°5, August 2023. Available from: https://www.insd.bf/sites/default/files/2024-07/Caractéristiques%20des%20ménages%20agricoles%20au%20Burkina%20Faso_0.pdf
[25] Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie, 2020. Fifth general population and housing census (RGPH). RGPH, n°5, June 2022.
[26] Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie, 2021. Harmonised Survey of Household Living Conditions (HHLC) 2018. INSD/2023/RGPH 2019/xxx, August 2023. Available from: http://cns.bf/IMG/pdf/ehcvm_2018_rapport_general.pdf
[27] Dabire, B., Kone, H., Lougue, S., 2009. Analysis of the final results of the 2006 RGPH: migration. RGPH 2006, October, 2009.
[28] Najafi, Z., Fatehi, P., Darvishsefat, A.A., 2019. Vegetation dynamics trend using satellite time series imagery. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. XLII-4/W18(IV/3), 783–788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W18-783-2019
[29] Zhao, S., Zhao, X., Zhao, J., et al., 2022. Grassland conservation effectiveness of national nature reserves in northern China. Remote Sensing. 14(7), 1–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14071760
[30] McKee, T.B., Doesken, N.J., Kleist, J., 1993. Drought monitoring with multiple time scales. Applied Climatology. 15(3), 179–184. https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/15/571/2015/
[31] Saaty, T.L., 1970. How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research. 48, 9–26. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I
[32] Jenks, G.F., 1977. Optimal data classification for choropleth maps. Department of Geography Occasional Paper no. 2 . Lawrence, KS, U.S.: University of Kansas. 24p.
[33] Toucherifte, S., 2011. Étude comparative en classification non-supervisée [Master's thesis]. Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria: Université Mouloud Mammeri. 77p. Available from: https://dspace.ummto.dz/server/api/core/bitstreams/15821938-e911-4bf3-b8f9-aa983545a783/content
[34] Wessels, K.J., Van Den Bergh, F., Scholes, R.J., 2012. Limits to detectability of land degradation by trend analysis of vegetation index data. Remote Sensing of Environment. 125, 10–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.06.022
[35] Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie, 2000. 1996 general census of population and housing in Burkina Faso. RGPH96, December 2006. Available from: http://cns.bf/IMG/pdf/rgph_1996_vol1.pdf
[36] Raposo, P., Samsonov, T., 2014. Towards general theory of raster data generalization. Proceedings of the 17th ICA Workshop on Generalisation and Multiple Representation; 23th September, 2014; Vienne, Australia. pp. 1–10.
[37] Antoni, J.-P., Klein, O., Moisy, S., 2012. Temporal discretization. A data structuring method for dynamic mapping. Maps & Geomatic. 213, 27–31. Available from: https://hal.science/hal-00736467/file/La_discretisation_temporelle.pdf
[38] De Longueville, F., Hountondji, Y.-C., Kindo, I., et al., 2016. Long-term analysis of rainfall and temperature data in Burkina Faso (1950–2013). 36(13), 4393–4405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4640
[39] Gemenne, F., Blocher, J., De Longueville, F., et al., 2017. Climate change, natural disasters and population displacement in West Africa. International Journal of Tropical Geology, Geography and Ecology. 41(3), 1–22. Available from: https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/218730/1/Gemenne%20et%20al_Geo-Eco-Trop_Final.pdf
[40] Oueslati, B., Camberlin, P., Zoungrana, J., et al., 2017. Variability and trends of wet season temperature in the Sudano-Sahelian zone and relationships with precipitation. Climate Dynamics. 50, 1067–1090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3661-6
[41] Karambiri, B.L., Gansaonre, R.N., 2023. Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in the climatic zones of Burkina Faso: the case of Bobo-Dioulasso, Ouagadougou and Dori. European Scientific Journal (ESJ). 19(9), 262–283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n9p262
[42] Diallo, A., Renou, Y., 2015. Climate change and migration: Identifying a problem, structuring a scientific field and activating public policies. Worlds in Development. 4(172), 87–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/med.172.0087
[43] Yanogo, I., Rasmussena, F.K., Foga, B., et al., 2014. Explaining NDVI trends in northern Burkina Faso. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography. 114(1), 17–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2014.890522
[44] Zoungrana, B.J.-B., Dimobé, K., 2023. NDVI-derived vegetation trends and driving factors in West African Sudanian savanna. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 14(10), 1130–1145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2023.1410077
[45] Piquemal, D., 1991. Inventory and assessment of water reservoirs in Burkina Faso. Cahiers d'outre-mer. 175, 259–280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/caoum.1991.3399
[46] Cambrézy, L., Sangli, G., 2011. The geographical effects of population growth in rural Africa: the example of south-west Burkina Faso. The World of Maps. 207, 75–94. Available from: https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers19-12/010054766.pdf
[47] Simmons, A. B. (2002). Globalization and International migration: trends, puzzles and theoretical models. Quebec Journal of Demography, 31(1), 7–33. https://doi.org/10.7202/000422ar
[48] Ginsburg, C., Bocquier, P., Béguy, D., et al., 2016. Human capital on the move: Education as a determinant of internal migration in selected INDEPTH surveillance populations in Africa. Demographic Research. 34(30), 846–882. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2016.34.30
Downloads
How to Cite
Gansaonré Raogo Noël, & Dahani Dramane. (2025). Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Internal Migration in Burkina Faso. Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences, 7(2), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i2.7825
Issue
Article Type
Article
License
Copyright © 2025 Gansaonré Raogo Noël, Dahani Dramane
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.
