Abstract: This study explores the references in Lewis Carroll's ‘Alice in Wonderland,' using Halliday and Hasan's method of cohesion analysis. Specifically, the present study aims to extract the story's endophoric references (anaphoric and cataphoric) as used by the main character, Alice. By using a qualitative approach, through reading and analyzing the data of Alice’s utterances, it has been revealed that they employ two aspects of reference: anaphoric... More

Abstract: Generative linguists claim that the argument of the matrix verb as in Mary seemed to be innocent is the DP (determine phrase), which is the raised argument of the to-infinitive clause being raised to be landed in the Spec T. However, the current study argues that the DP argument as the subject of the matrix verb seems to be the given DP and this is supported by functional linguistics. The argument in this study is statistically supported by the... More

Abstract: The purpose of the research is to analyze the content of the concept of "man" - "woman" based on Kazakh proverbs. The study of the concepts "man" and "woman" allows us to approach the study of gender as a cultural representation and reveal all its many-sided content, namely social, psychological, and cultural aspects. The analysis of proverbs in the research material is quite justified. Proverbs, reflecting folk wisdom, appear as a product of... More

Abstract: This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) integration on the professional identities of Chinese tertiary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. It explores how these educators perceive and adapt to the incorporation of AI tools into their teaching practices, focusing on both the opportunities and challenges encountered. Through qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 16 tertiary EFL teachers, the study... More

Abstract: The active use of modern computer technologies in philology has led to the intensive development of corpus linguistics. A promising direction in this area is the development of national language corpora and the construction of concordances of various types, differing in the forms of presentation of the material, search capabilities, and technical functions. This research presents basic information about the national language corpora and... More

Abstract: The rules for the compatibility of idiomatic units in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers are a particular problem that is related to the formation and evolution of the language norm. It is still unknown what is the catalyst for the transformation of language norms — usage or the laws and rules of the language. As a result of the cultural interpretation of a phraseological unit in the process of its use, the most important component... More

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show the dual nature of the status of Judeo-Georgian based on its studies, theories, and methods adopted from variationist sociolinguistics, distinctive linguistic repertoire approach to Jewish languages, using descriptive/synchronic, diachronic, and comparative-contrastive methods. Based on the traditional studies in Georgia in the twentieth century, Judeo-Georgian was considered one of the varieties of Georgian,... More

Abstract: Our paper argues that DMIP is not only a method for identifying potentially deliberate metaphors but also a process of deconstructing a metaphor by tracing back its mapping relations. We employ DMIP to identify the deliberate metaphors in the translation process of The Last Quarter of the Moon and compare the identification results to evaluate the changes in the meaning reconstruction of deliberate metaphors in the English target text. We find... More

Abstract: The study investigated the manifestation and evolution of eponymic terms in the everyday language of Ecuadorian university teachers, considering historical, cultural and linguistic factors. It was analysed how the phenomenon of eponymy manifests itself in the everyday language of university professors and conceptualized its training and evolution. Interviews were conducted with 25 teachers. Bibliographic material was evaluated, and data were... More

Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the written monuments from the Golden Horde period and contemporary literary works, focusing on the frequency of use, functionality, and stylistic features of both indigenous and borrowed vocabulary within literary texts. The lexical units were analyzed using methods such as linguistic-statistical, contextual, historical-comparative, semantic, and contextual analysis. This study explored the literal and... More

Abstract: Javanese, a regional language in Indonesia with more than 68 million speakers, is a low-resource language in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field because it needs more language resources in both dataset and NLP tools. In this work, we developed a gold standard dataset of 1,000 sentences and 14,323 words for Javanese for four NLP tasks: tokenization, part-of-speech (POS) tagging, morphological feature tagging, and dependency parsing. This... More

Abstract: The Overseas Chinese Museum in Xiamen, Fujian, is a cultural historical museum in China that promotes heritage tourism and strengthens the community connection among the overseas Chinese diaspora, international and local visitors. The museum has become a platform for interpreting the immigration experience of overseas Chinese communities around the world. In this study, we examine visitors’ feedback to the Overseas Chinese Museum through a... More

Abstract: AI tools have enabled FLLs to navigate their journeys of learning languages. This poses several questions, particularly about the most common AI tools used in learning vocabulary and the attitudes of EFL Omani students toward using AI tools in learning English. A mixed-method research design was utilised, and the sampling included 236 respondents studying in the Sultanate of Oman. An SPSS version 29 was employed in analysing the quantitative... More

Abstract: The academic engagement of international students is intricately linked to their diverse social and cultural adjustments in the host culture. However, these aspects have often been investigated from a homogeneous point of view. This study explores the interpersonal characteristics of students from different racial groups and native/ non-native language backgrounds in learning engagement, cultural adjustment, social media use, and social capital.... More

Abstract: The belief that English is and will remain largely dominant as the first language of the Internet in terms of content and is the natural lingua franca in cyberspace plays against the mobilization of human and funding resources to incorporate minority languages. We sustain that this belief stands on biased data and that multilingualism is more and more the nature of the Internet and translation its lingua franca. We challenge the validity of a... More

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the critical role of traditional schools—specifically murundu and vhusha—in preserving the Tshivenḓa language and cultural heritage in Tshimbupfhe, in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Traditional schools play a significant role in preserving languages and cultural traditions that might otherwise be at risk of erosion due to globalisation, modernisation, or cultural assimilation. A deeper comprehension of their role... More

Abstract: This study investigated the impact of augmented reality (AR)-based learning on developing creative reading skills in early childhood education. Using validated instruments, including an AR-based learning guide, and a creative reading skills test, the study involved 254 primary school children from northern Jordan. The sample of the study was divided into an experimental group of 127 children who engaged with AR technology, and a control group of... More

Abstract: This scientific article explores the complexities and prospects of creating a poetic corpus of Abai Kunanbayev. The project's primary objective is to digitize and annotate Abai's poetry, addressing challenges such as accessibility to diverse sources, linguistic barriers, technical issues, and cultural interpretations. The article discusses the methods used in digitizing and annotating Abai's poetry, including linguistic analysis and thematic... More

Abstract: This article delves into the influence of native and foreign languages on the linguistic identity of Kazakhstani youth. The primary focus is on analyzing the perception and utilization of languages among young people in Kazakhstan, exploring how these factors impact their self-identification and cultural affiliation. To gather comprehensive empirical data, an extensive experiment was conducted involving both survey and semi-structured... More

Abstract: Dubbing religious references between two incongruent cultures may be considered one of the most complicated tasks due to the use of complex and specialized religion-specific concepts. This especially so when dealing with English and Arabic because the two religions of Christianity and Islam, being divine religions, may converge and diverge on several concepts, whether partially or completely. The present study examines dubbing religious... More

Abstract: Natural language marks causation by variable means which fall into three categories: (i) periphrastic, (ii) lexical, and (iii) morphological. In this study, the researcher utilizes Minimalist Program (MP) to analyze causative construction in Hail Arabic (HA), a spoken dialect in Saudi Arabia. According to our findings, HA exhibits the three types of causation: morphological, lexical, and periphrastic. I propose that causative constructions... More

Abstract: This research explores the integration of digital learning environments in the training of future English teachers in Kazakhstan. As the demand for innovative pedagogical strategies increases and technology becomes more prominent in education, it is important to examine how digital tools and platforms can improve the preparation of English teachers. Using a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, this... More

Abstract: The article shows that the links between linguistic and cultural phenomena, the collaboration of ethnocultural and ethnopsychological aspects in the functioning of language can be clarified by the examples of idioms in different languages. The aim is to specify a theoretical justification of ethnolinguistic manifestations in language in different countries. The methodology used for this study was a literature review, which was focused on a... More

Abstract: Dubbing and subtitling foreign movies, series, and other audiovisual products have flourished since the invasion of the screens; hence, the translation task between languages and cultures became integral to cope with this vast expansion. The different cultural and religious backgrounds of Arabic and English-speaking cultures complicate the translation of Arabic television series. Therefore, translators should be multicultural and multilingual,... More

Abstract: A plethora of publications have shed light, particularly on the affordances of artificial intelligence (AI) in language education, garnering significant attention, promising transformative impacts on teaching and learning practices. However, the rapid adoption of AI tools has raised ethical concerns regarding data privacy, bias and academic integrity. in response to these concerns, this systematic review aims to explore the responsible and... More

Abstract: Mastering language and linguistics, the foundations of human expression and understanding, is being revolutionized through project-based learning, enabling individuals to unlock their full potential in communication, cultural insight, and global connection. Although the significance of project-based learning (PBL) is increasing in the contemporary scenario, the prominence given to this mode of study is comparatively negligible. Many universities... More

Abstract: Although assessment plays a critical role in English reading teaching, studies exploring teachers’ reading assessment literacy are comparatively rare. This study investigated 199 Chinese junior high school EFL teachers’ knowledge, skills, and conceptions of reading assessment through a questionnaire, which was validated through structural equation modeling (SEM). Results showed that the teachers reported pertinent knowledge, professional skills,... More

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) in education has the potential to revolutionize learning by addressing significant challenges and accelerating progress. Generative AI, such as ChatGPT, has demonstrated the ability to produce high-quality text and other content, potentially transforming academic tasks like essay writing. Despite these advantages, educators are concerned about the ethical implications of AI use. Risks such as misinformation, academic... More

Abstract: Many studies have argued that idiomaticity judgment should be based on multiple aspects, including both semantic and formal fixedness, also known as inflexibility. However, the results delimiting idiomaticity are far from scarce. Although the validity of the notion of fixedness has been challenged, the fixedness of fixed expressions and collocations are still considered of the same nature, differing only in degree. The difference in fixedness... More

Abstract: Translation of educational materials from English into indigenous African languages such as Tshivenḓa presents significant challenges, particularly concerning non-equivalence and cultural disparities. This qualitative study examines translators’ experiences in translating Grade 4 Geography concepts from English to Tshivenḓa. Anchored by Skopos theory and the scan and balance framework, the research adopts an interpretivist paradigm and a... More

Abstract: The demand for efficient English interpreters have been on a constant rise in the rapid evaluation of globalization—the skilled interpreters are a prerequisite for international interactions across diplomatic, business, and cultural domains. The traditional models in practice to train the interpreters are based on theoretical knowledge with less emphasis on practical skills required for effective real-world communication. In contrast, the... More

Abstract: In the context of the increasing internationalization of higher education, understanding how to effectively engage international students is crucial. Previous research mainly examined students’ motivation from various theoretical perspectives but none of the published studies specifically focused on international students’ engagement in learning Kazakh as a language other than English (LOTE). Thus, the aim of the article is to identify and... More

Abstract: Water is one of nature's gifts to the earth, carrying a multitude of meanings and interpretations based on its context. Water in literature is studied from a variety of theoretical perspectives due to its rich symbolism and different narrative roles. This paper aims to explore Indian writer Anuradha Roy’s novel, "An Atlas of Impossible Longing," through Gaston Bachelad’s water symbolism theory and investigates how numerous types of water bodies,... More

Abstract: This study explores how Indonesian history textbooks represent conflict and its resolution with a focus on the theme of East Timor. The research applies the methodology of Historical Discourse Analysis, examining various elements of representation, including nomination, predication, argumentation, perspective, and intensification. The primary objects of study are two Indonesian history textbooks that are currently used in schools. The results... More

Abstract: This paper aimed to provide an explanatory account of the phonological adaptation patterns of diphthongs within English loanwords in Iraqi Arabic (IA). The Optimality-Theoretic framework was employed to identify the phonological constraints imposed on 346 English loanwords in IA and then examine the interaction and ranking of those constraints. Results revealed that five phonological constraints were involved in adapting English diphthongs into... More

Abstract: Modern linguistics interprets the concept of language development as the development of its grammatical factors and lexical composition, which is actually characteristic of its literary version. The concept of language development in its dialects, which is studied in the courses of dialectology and historical dialectology, is interpreted as "gradual and consistent changes" occurring in dialects, which leads to their consistent death under the... More

Abstract: The impact of the language of instruction on academic achievement is a critical issue, particularly in multilingual settings. This study investigates how using French as the medium of instruction affects the academic performance of first-year physics and chemistry students at Moroccan universities. The research, conducted at Mohamed I and Abdelmalek Essaadi Universities, involved 365 students and 20 teachers. Data were collected through... More

Abstract: Research article (RA) abstracts play a critical role in disseminating research findings, particularly challenging for non-native English speakers. While prior studies have explored the move analysis of RA abstracts across various subjects, the management sciences—a globally prominent field—have received less attention. This study addresses this gap by examining the rhetorical move patterns, verb tense usage, and voice constructions in 200 RA... More

Abstract: This article traces the developmental trajectory of bilingual subject realization of a Mandarin-English bilingual child from China to Australia from age 3;04 to 5;05. There is an assumption that age 3 is the dividing line between Bilingual First Language Acquisition (BFLA) and Early Second Language Acquisition (ESLA). Determining similarities and differences between them is of great theoretical and methodological significance. While BFLA studies... More

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the cognitive nature of ethical knowledge, its essence and substantive contours. There is no classification of ethical knowledge in science, so the formats of its representation and its types have not been determined. The aim of the article is to identify the cognitive foundations of morality, its rational or sensual nature; to determine the ethical knowledge based on its characteristics and classification... More

Abstract: Many studies have investigated terms of address, primarily focusing on Western languages. However, few studies have explored this topic in varieties of the Arabic language. This study examines the use of terms of address in Saudi Arabic, investigating the terms used by Saudi men and women, the effect of the addressees’ age and gender on the selection of address terms, and the linguistic patterns employed by Saudis when addressing each other.... More

Abstract: As Artificial Intelligence systems increasingly dominate various sectors in this technology-driven era, educational institutions are eager to integrate innovative tools and applications into the teaching and learning experience to enhance students' abilities, performance, skills and achievements. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of utilizing Google Assistant, an AI-based app, in improving students’ English speaking performance. The... More

Abstract: English language education has become increasingly vital in non-English-speaking countries, driven by globalization and the demands of the international economy. In Saudi Arabia, enhancing English proficiency is one of the most important aspects of educational reform emphasized by Vision 2030. This study examines the perceptions of 420 kindergarten and elementary school teachers, Saudi Arabia, regarding early English education for young learners... More

Abstract: This study employs cognitive-functional linguistic approaches to examine the mental representations of gender in contemporary transgender literature. By analysing a corpus of transgender narratives, we investigate how cognitive mechanisms such as conceptual metaphors, image schemas, and categorisation processes contribute to the linguistic construction and expression of gender identity. Our findings reveal prevalent conceptual metaphors like... More

Abstract: This study explores how digital communication technologies—a consequence of late capitalism—have changed language usage. The study looks at how GIFs, memes, emojis, and social media language have evolved and how postmodern cultural logic is embodied in these forms of communication. Based on Fredric Jameson's theory that postmodernism is the cultural logic of late capitalism, the study highlights the digital forms' inherent fragmentation,... More

Abstract: Interpreting is highly complex and cognitively demanding, arousing interest from the neuroimaging community. In the past three decades, dozens of investigations have been done to figure out how one language transfers into another in the brain. This article reviews the published studies concerning interpreting, shedding light on interpreting asymmetry effect, the neural plasticity and the brain regions activated during interpreting tasks. Based... More

Abstract: English, as the most frequently spoken second language, and sometimes referred to as the global lingua franca, acts as a bridge for communication across cultures and nations. Learning English is a strong tool that allows people to fully participate in the global society by encouraging understanding, collaboration, and personal growth. This descriptive-comparative paper analyzed the motivation, learning styles, and learning strategies of first... More

Abstract: This study aims to assess the impact of interactive vocabulary learning via WhatsApp on the speaking proficiency of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in Saudi Arabia. Drawing on Krashen’s input Hypothesis and Cognitive Theories of Multimedia Learning, the research employs a quantitative approach involving sixty EFL learners from an English language foundation program. Two pre-formed elementary-level groups were randomly assigned as... More

Abstract: This study investigates the cognitive processes associated with preparation for a spelling bee game to enhance vocabulary learning in a foreign language. It draws upon the Information Processing Theory, which involves attention, perception, and memory processes. During their freshman year of college in the Department of English, a group of 30 Saudi learners, at the same level of English, ranging in age from 18 to 20 years old, were provided with... More

Abstract: This essay examines the problematic issues that arise when translating classical Arabic language embedded in contemporary Saudi literature, with a particular emphasis on Girls of Riyadh a modern Saudi novel written .The premise of the present study is that classical Arabic has undergone semantic change through pejoration amelioration, through which their original meanings have been either completely changed or different connotations have been... More

Abstract: This paper explores f0 downtrend processes in Chokri, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Nagaland, India. Chokri manifests five lexical tones, comprising four level tones- extra high (EH), high (H), mid (M), low (L), and one contour tone- mid-rising (MR). This study encompasses three distinct downtrend phenomena: temporal declination, final lowering, and automatic downstep. Three complementary methodologies- (a) visual, (b) statistical, and (c)... More

Abstract: Effective communication in the classroom profoundly influences educational performance, particularly in language acquisition settings. This study investigates the employment of directive (commanding) and requestive (requesting) speech acts by English educators in Indonesian vocational high schools, a subject that remains under-examined. This research utilizes a qualitative case study design to examine the utilization of speech actions by... More

Abstract: This study investigates the attitudes and practices of EFL instructors at Saudi universities regarding the use of YouTube to enhance students' speaking skills. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research explores instructors’ experiences through both quantitative and qualitative data. Data were collected from 105 male and female instructors across various Saudi universities via questionnaires, and from six female instructors through... More

Abstract: This article examines the dimensions of military ideologies that are tactically communicated through the semiotic mechanisms of the Nigerian Army’s regimented practices. Data were sourced through participant observation and semi-structured interview in a fourteen-month fieldwork involving 22 staff members of the Nigerian Army. Drawing on insights from the concept of semiotic ideology to account for the underlying interpretations of semiotic... More

Abstract: This paper explores the challenges and implications of translating mythical cultural terms from the Chinese classical literary work Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. Drawing on the theoretical framework of cultural loss and compensation, this study employs a comparative analysis of two selected English translations by Herbert Giles and John Minford to identify and evaluate the compensation methods used and their impact on preserving cultural... More

Abstract: The study aims to analyse and evaluate language's role in shaping social advertising's effectiveness from a linguistic perspective. Methods. The survey method, the method of linguistic analysis and classification of linguistic strategies and techniques, and the Weissman-Ricks Emotional State Inventory (WRESI) were used in the study. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Pearson criterion. The validity of the methods was tested using... More

Abstract: ChatGPT has significantly impacted various educational sectors, including English-medium instruction (EMI). This study explores perceptions of Saudi medical students at the University of Bisha on integrating ChatGPT into their EMI coursework, focusing particularly on its influence on their comprehension and application of medical terminology in English. Employing a descriptive research design, this research collected data from 54 students using... More

Abstract: This study explores Written Ladakhi and the future of Ladakh’s culture in the newly formed Union Territory of Ladakh, India. The Ladakhi language is at a critical pivotal period. Its survival in the next two generations depends directly on the introduction of the Ladakhi language in its written form in the educational system. Using written Ladakhi for real communication is the key to survival. Spoken Ladakhi is still widely used in the home and... More

Abstract: The linguistic landscape of Morocco is characterized by its complexity and diversity, the result of a rich history and a unique cultural blend. Several languages coexist, each playing a specific role in society: Arabic, Amazigh, French, and English. French, a legacy of the colonial period, occupies a prominent place in business, diplomacy, media, and particularly in the educational system, especially in higher education. This bilingualism, or... More

Abstract: Critical listening is a vital learning skill. Enhancing critical thinking skills through classroom activities is an important responsibility of teachers. Critical listening involves comprehending spoken information, evaluating it, and forming judgments and opinions based on what is heard. The current study was carried out at the Faculty of Education, Minia University, Egypt, to examine the effectiveness of a blended learning program utilizing... More

Abstract: Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a low incidence genetic syndrome, exhibits complex difficulties characterized by infantile hypotonia and feeding, motor, cognition, behavioral phenotype, and hypoplasia. Children with PWS also may demonstrate delay in language development. However, this has not been well-investigated in research. To date, there is no research reporting the speech and language abilities of Vietnamese speaking population with PWS. This... More

Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of physical action on foreign language vocabulary acquisition. Total Physical Response (TPR) is a methodology developed half a century ago that was later abandoned, and there is now relatively little research into its potential for foreign language learning. The researchers aimed to revitalize this methodology and test its impact on vocabulary acquisition and retention in foreign language learning. The study was... More

Abstract: This study aims to analyze human-media interaction, focusing on Twitter users' perceptions and imaginaries of children's use of the Internet and digital devices. The concepts of media panic, mediation, and mediatization are the theoretical keystones supporting the discussion. Exploring users' reactions and representations reveals that mobile communication and social networks are crucial to understanding broader cultural and social... More

Abstract: In the present study, we applied a two-year longitudinal design to examine the reading and spelling acquisition of primary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis among three groups with different linguistic conditions and socioeconomic status (SES): low-SES and high-SES monolinguals, and low-SES bilingual children (minority language). Reading speed and spelling errors were examined at the beginning of second grade in fall 2019... More

Abstract: This paper explores the pivotal role of intersubjectivity in shaping the historical and scientific cognition of Chinese linguistics. It examines how shared understanding and mutual comprehension, facilitated through social interactions and communication, have influenced both traditional scholarship and modern approaches to studying the Chinese language. The paper traces the intersubjective foundations laid by pioneering scholars like Fang... More

Abstract: The vital context of Doctor–Patient communication is being abundantly researched to improve its outcomes. However, existing studies either focus on the doctor’s perspective and pay little attention to the patient or focus on patients’ satisfaction in relation to biomedical aspects, such as the doctors’ clinical skills and the services provided in the healthcare institution. Research focusing on doctors’ communicative skills provides a... More

Abstract: This paper argues that the relationship between the singular and plural forms of a noun in Arabic is not merely grammatical. It specifically shows that the relationship does not only entail that a plural noun refers to more than two persons or things and that each form may hold a certain semantic significance, depending on the context. In order to prove this assumption, the paper reports the results of a study which draws on data collected from... More

Abstract: This study aims to bridge a gap between Feature Inheritance (FI) and Speech Act Projections (SAPs), addressing the significant challenge SAPs pose to FI and its underlying mechanism, AGREE. Previous studies highlight the need for reallocating features within the syntax to reconcile FI with cartographic structures, suggesting that moving the C head above Foc and ToP heads is necessary. However, this reallocation is problematic as it fails to... More

Abstract: As studying abroad is gaining popularity, language barriers become a significant issue for most Chinese overseas students. While extensive existing studies have revealed the significant role of diverse factors influencing English learning, such as instructional design, motivation and institutional support, less attention has been paid towards the unavoidable internal factor– Home Environment. Highlighting a significant gap in existing... More

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to illuminate foreign learners’ receptive mastery of the distinctive pre-nominal adjective order of English and factors affecting their correctness, using Saudi learners as an example. Although English adjective order itself is well-understood, second language learners’ acquisition trajectory is under-researched. In this study, 134 L1 Arabic learners responded to a multiple-choice test of adjective order knowledge in... More

Abstract: This study investigates the semiotic and psycholinguistic strategies employed by Indonesian presidential candidates during the 2024 debates, emphasizing the critical role of language and mental processes in influencing voter perceptions and shaping political discourse. The primary objective is to dissect the linguistic signifiers and cognitive processes that underpin each candidate’s argumentative discourse, offering insights into the... More

Abstract: In recent years, the phenomenon of multilingualism has spread throughout the world. Pakistan offers an intriguing picture of multilingualism, yet little research has been done in this domain. The previous body of research in the multilingualism and cognition domain had produced inconsistent findings. This study aimed to investigate the positive impact of multilingualism on executive functions of inhibitory control and working memory in... More

Abstract: This paper, A Comparative Study of the Translated Arabic Versions of the Novel to the Lighthouse under Feminist Translation Theory, examines the influence of feminist translation theory on the interpretation of Virginia Woolf’s iconic novel. It focuses on two Arabic translations, both completed by female translators, to investigate how gender, cultural context, and personal experiences shape the depiction of Woolf’s female characters and the... More

Abstract: Schooling in Zimbabwe have a socially constructed hidden definition that impacts language learning. The ‘racialised bilingual tainted educationists’ measure learning through the influence of some recognised languages. Scholarship underestimate linguistic power dynamics in the ‘nativised foreign languages’. The phenomenon of ‘languaging education’ can be traced back to Christian missionaries in the 1890s and orthography harmonisation efforts. In... More

Abstract: Following their independence from colonial rule, most African nations adopted postcolonial language policies. As a result, some southern African countries were held accountable for implementing an exoglossic policy that favoured foreign colonial languages; in contrast, other independent states took an exclusive stance that gave preference to native tongues in their socio-economic sectors. This article therefore sought to evaluate the... More