Low-Carbon Concrete: A Comprehensive Review of Strategies for Reducing the Construction Industry’s Environmental Impact

Authors

  • Mahria Rafi

    Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Middle East College, Muscat 124, Oman
  • Kiran Kumar Poloju

    Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Middle East College, Muscat 124, Oman
  • Marwarid Tarin

    Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Middle East College, Muscat 124, Oman
  • Adil Nadeem Hussain

    Department of Civil Engineering, Military Technological College, Muscat 124, Oman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v7i4.12043
Received: 10 September 2025 | Revised: 20 October 2025 | Accepted: 10 November 2025 | Published Online: 17 December 2025

Abstract

The transition toward low-carbon concrete (LCC) represents a critical pathway for decarbonizing the construction sector and achieving global net-zero targets. This study provides a comprehensive and analytical review of material innovations, digital enablers, and policy mechanisms shaping the evolution of LCC technologies. A systematic PRISMA-based review combined with bibliometric mapping (VOS viewer) was conducted across various peer-reviewed studies. The analysis integrates scientific, economic, and regulatory dimensions through an original conceptual framework linking supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), limestone calcined clay cement (LC3), geopolymers, recycled aggregates (RA), and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) with digitalization, circular economy, and life-cycle assessment. Comparative synthesis reveals that embodied-carbon reduction follows the hierarchy: Geopolymers (40–70%) > LC³ (30–40%) > SCM blends (25–40%) > CCU concretes (20–40%) > RA concretes (15–20%). However, economic feasibility declines with increasing binder novelty, underscoring the need for policy and carbon-pricing support. A time-bound roadmap toward Net-Zero 2050 is proposed, outlining near-, short-, medium-, and long-term milestones for R&D, standardization, infrastructure decarbonization, and technological breakthroughs. The paper concludes with prioritized research directions addressing standardization gaps, digital interoperability, and field-based durability validation. Collectively, the study advances an integrated vision where material innovation, digital intelligence, and policy alignment converge to accelerate the realization of a carbon-neutral concrete industry.

Keywords:

Green Certifications; Low-Carbon Concrete; Environmentally Friendly; Construction Materials

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Rafi, M., Poloju, K. K., Tarin, M., & Hussain, A. N. (2025). Low-Carbon Concrete: A Comprehensive Review of Strategies for Reducing the Construction Industry’s Environmental Impact. Journal of Building Material Science, 7(4), 162–179. https://doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v7i4.12043

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Vol. 7 , Iss. 4 (December 2025): In Progress

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Review

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Copyright © 2025 Mahria Rafi, Kiran Kumar Poloju, Marwarid Tarin, Adil Nadeem Hussain

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This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

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