The design of columns relies heavily on the basis of Leonhard Euler's Theory of Elastic Buckling. However, to increase the accuracy in determining the maximum critical load a column can withstand before buckling, a constant was introduced. This dimensionless coefficient is K, also known as the effective-length factor. This constant is often found in building...
Materials science is the study of materials, their properties and their applications. As the rapid development of material science, materials tend to approach multifunctionality. Multifunctional materials are designed to perform multiple responsibilities through prudent combinations of different functional capabilities. Typically, each function contributes a distinct physical or chemical process that can deliver system-level improvements beyond the...