Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences in 2025
2026-02-06
Earth Observation for EnvironEarth Observation for Environmental Security: Emerging Multi-Sensor Fusion Techniquesmental Security: Emerging Multi-Sensor Fusion Techniques
Authors
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Changjiang Cai
POWERCHINA Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an 710000, China
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Lei Gao
POWERCHINA Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an 710000, China
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Minkuo Cai
The Second Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute of Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Fachun She
Haixi Guotou Green Energy Co., Ltd., Delingha 817000, China
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Ruijie Wang
CHN Energy Haixi Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd., Delingha 817000, China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v8i3.12991Abstract
Climate change, natural disasters, pollution, and fast urbanization have made environmental security a more serious international issue. Timely, accurate, and multi-dimensional information is essential in the effective monitoring and management of such complex challenges in the environment. The Earth Observation (EO) systems, including optical sensors, radar sensors, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors, thermal sensors, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sensors, and in-situ sensors, offer a good coverage of space and time, as well as provide useful information on land, water, and atmospheric processes. But the shortcomings or weaknesses of individual sensors, such as their vulnerability to weather conditions, spectral or spatial resolution, and gaps in time, can tend to limit their ability to provide a complete picture of the environment. One of the solutions has been multi-sensor fusion, which combines heterogeneous data and makes it more accurate, robust, and interpretable. This systematic review analyzes the latest methods of multi-sensor fusion, which are machine learning, deep learning, probabilistic models, and hybrid approaches, in terms of methodological principles, preprocessing needs, and computational frameworks. Applications in environmental security are highlighted, which include monitoring natural disasters, monitoring of climate and ecosystem, pollution monitoring, monitoring of land use change, and early warning systems. The review also covers evaluation measures, validation plans, and uncertainty measures, where a strict measure of evaluation is vital to making actionable decisions. Lastly, emerging issues, e.g., data heterogeneity, computational needs, sensor interoperability, and prospects in the future, e.g., AI-based adaptive fusion, UAVs and Internet of Things (IoT) integration, and scalable cloud-based systems, are discussed. The synthesis has highlighted the transformational capability of multi-sensor EO in terms of improving the environment in the context of environmental security and sustainable management.
Keywords:
Earth Observation; Environmental Security; Multi-Sensor Fusion; Remote Sensing; Data IntegrationReferences
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Cai, C., Gao, L., Cai, M., She, F., & Wang, R. (2026). Earth Observation for EnvironEarth Observation for Environmental Security: Emerging Multi-Sensor Fusion Techniquesmental Security: Emerging Multi-Sensor Fusion Techniques. Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences, 8(3), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v8i3.12991
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Copyright © 2026 Changjiang Cai, Lei Gao, Minkuo Cai, Fachun She, Ruijie Wang
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.
