Bulk Raw Materials Handling and Blending Techniques of Sinter Plant: A Case Study of Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited, Kogi State, Nigeria

Authors

  • Cyril Ocheri Department. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
  • Hebert. A. Obiorah Department. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
  • Romanus Egwuonwu Njoku Department. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
  • Nnaemeka Anthony Urama Department. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
  • Joseph Babalola Agboola Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State
  • Christopher Nwankwo Mbah Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu
  • Johnson Nwaemezie Ezeanyanwu Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu
  • Chikezie Walter Onyia Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jmmr.v3i2.2409

Abstract

Bulk raw materials handling plant and sintering plant preparatory plants are established to receive, blend, stockpile, prepare and supply specified grades of raw materials for smooth operations of iron making plant (Blast furnace), steel making plant (Basic oxygen converter) and lime Plant(calcinations plant). The study discusses bulk raw materials handling and some general problem of scientific analysis and documentation of basic equipment details, stockyard facilities, bulk materials transport systems and sinter processes, for the general knowledge and operational procedures of these plant for effective and efficient operational processes for optical results. Iron ore concentrate supplied from the mines to some extent fluctuate in their chemical composition as a result of the nature of the deposit with various factors controlling beneficiation processes and addition of metal-bearing materials collected as a waste product from the Rolling Mills, Blast Furnace and Sinter Plant which must be recycled through Iron ore concentrate stockyard. The part of the sinter mixture is melted at a temperature about 1300-1480 ° C and a sequence of reactions shaping the sinter cake to be loaded into the blast furnace to produce iron from a pig.

Keywords:

Blast furnace; Iron concentrate; Sinter Plant; Stockpile; Stockyard facilities

References

[1] Detailed Project Report (DPR) of Ajaokuta Steel Company Ltd; By TiajPromeExport (TPE) of Russia 1980c

[2] Caen-Vachette, M., Umeji, A. C. Geology and Geochronology of the Mfamosing area. Evidence of crystalline Limestone formation in economic quantity. J. Afr. Earth Sci., , 1987, 7: 121-126.

[3] Mogbo, O., Okoro, A.U., Oluyede, P. O., Muotoh, E. O. G. The Itakpe Hills Iron Ore formations. First Symposium on the Precambrian Geology of Nigeria, Kaduna, 1981

[4] Kennedy, W. Q. Analysis of Bulk Materials Blending Techniques and Related Equipment. 8th Annual Report American Institute of Metallurgy, 1984, 61: 243-250.

[5] PACS-MECON (India). Annual Report on Ajaokuta Steel Company. 1986: 156-167.

[6] Linchersky, B. Iron and Steel making. 4th edition, 1990

[7] U.S.Steel Publication: The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel, 19th Edition, 1975.

[8] Basic Oxygen Furnace Steelmaking: https://www.steel-technology.com/articles/oxygen/furnace

[9] E.T. Turkdogan “Fundamental of Steel Making” The Institute of Materials Book 656, First Published by the Institute of Materials 1 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5DB, 1996.

[10] Carl-Erik Grip, Johan Isaksson, Simon Harvey, Leif Nilsson. Application of Pinch Analysis in an Integrated Steel Plant in Northern Sweden. ISIJ International, 2013, 53(7): 1202-1210.

[11] C. Mapelli and S. Baragiola: Ironmaking Steelmaking, 200633: 379.

[12] C. Ryman: Iron Steel Technol., 2011, 8: 61.

[13] C. E. Grip, M. Larsson and J. Dahl: Proc. 84th Steelmaking Conf., ISS, Warrendale, PA, 2001: 543.

[14] Dawson, P. R., Ironmaking Steelmaking, 1993, 20: 137-143.

[15] Hsieh, L. H., Proc. On Iron and Steel Tech. Conf. Indianapolis, IN, USA. Association for Iron and Steel Tech., Warrendale, PA, USA. 2007, 1: 207-214.

[16] Cumming, M. A. and Thurlby, J. A., Ironmaking Steelmaking, 1990, 17: 245-254.

[17] Cappel, F., ISS Ironmaking Conf. Proc., 1991, 50: 200.

[18] Yamaoka, Y., Nagaoka, S., Yamada, Y., Ando, R., Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 1974, 14: 185-194.

[19] D. Fernández-Gonzáleza, I. Ruiz-Bustinzab, J. Mochónb, C. González-Gascac, L. F. Verdeja. Iron Ore Sintering: Process” Mineral Processing And Extractive Metallurgy Review 2017, 38(4): 215-227. http://DX.DOI.Org/10.1080/08827508.2017.1288115

[20] Fernández-González, D., Martín-Duarte, R., RuizBustinza, I., Mochón, J., González-Gasca, C., Verdeja, L. F. Optimization of sinter plant operating conditions using advanced multivariate statistics: Intelligent data processing. JOM, 2016, 68: 2089-2095.

[21] Fernández- González, D., R., Ruiz-Bustinza, I., Mochón, J., González-Gasca, C., Verdeja, L. F. Iron ore sintering: Raw materials and granulation. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2017, 38: 36-46.

[22] Ishikawa, Y., Kase, M., Sasaki, M., Satoh, K., Sasaki, S. Recent progress in the sintering technology- High reducibility and improvement of fuel consumption. Ironmaking Conference Proceedings, 1982, 41: 80- 89.

[23] Ishikawa, Y., Shimomura, Y., Sasaki, M., Hida, Y., Toda, H. Improvement of sinter quality based on the mineralogical properties of ores. Proceedings of the 42th Ironmaking Conference, AIME, Atlanta, 1983: 17-29.

[24] Yang, W., Choi, S., Choi, E. S., Ri, D. W., Sungman, K. Combustion characteristics in an iron ore sintering bed: evaluation of fuel substitution. Combustion and Flame, 2006, 145: 447-463.

[25] Yasumoto, S., Tanaka, S. Continuous measuring of heat pattern in sintering bed and its application to sintering operation. Kawasaki Steel Technical Report, 1982, 5: 1-8.

[26] Otomo, T., Taguchi, N., Kasai, E. Suppression of the formation of large pores in the assimilated parts of sinter produced using pisolitic ores. ISIJ International, 1996, 36: 1338-1343.

[27] Dawson, P. Determination of the high temperature properties of blast furnace burden materials. SEAISI (South East Asia Iron and Steel Institute) Quarterly Journal, 1987, 16: 23-42.

[28] Loo, C. E., Matthews, L. T., O’Dea, D. P. Lump ore and sinter behavior during softening and melting. ISIJ International, 2011, 51: 930-938.

[29] Eisele, T. C., Kawatra, S. K. A review of binders in iron ore pelletization. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2003, 24: 1-90.

[30] Patisson, F., Bellot, J. P., Ablitzer, D., Marlière, E., Dulcy, C., Steiler, J. M. Mathematical-modeling of iron-ore sintering process. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1991, 18: 89-95.

[31] Dawson, P. R., Ostwald, J., Hayes, K. M. The influence of sintering temperature profile on the mineralogy and properties of iron ore sinters. Proceedings of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1984, 829: 163-169.

[32] Usamentiaga, R., Molleda, J., García, D. F., Bulnes, F. G. Monitoring sintering burn-through point using infrared thermography. Sensors, 2013, 13: 10287- 10305.

[33] Toda, H., Senzaki, T., Isozaki, S., Kato, K. Relationship between heat pattern in sintering bed and sinter properties. Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 1984, 24: 187-196.

[34] Hsieh, L., Liu, K. Influence of material composition on the softening and melting properties of blast furnace burden materials. Ironmaking Conference Proceedings, 1988, 57: 1623-1632.

Downloads

How to Cite

Ocheri, C., Obiorah, H. A., Njoku, R. E., Urama, N. A., Agboola, J. B., Mbah, C. N., Ezeanyanwu, J. N., & Onyia, C. W. (2020). Bulk Raw Materials Handling and Blending Techniques of Sinter Plant: A Case Study of Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited, Kogi State, Nigeria. Journal of Metallic Material Research, 3(2), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.30564/jmmr.v3i2.2409

Issue

Article Type

Article