Photopolymer-metal Composites Based on Metal Foil Deposition on Additive Manufactured Substrates: An Overview

Authors

  • Sagar K G

    Department Mechanical Engineering, Jain Deemed-To-Be University, Jakkasandra Post, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara District, Karnataka, 562112, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jmmr.v7i1.5962
Received: 14 September 2023 | Revised: 6 December 2023 | Accepted: 8 December 2023 | Published Online: 20 December 2023

Abstract

Photopolymer materials are a type of polymer material that can undergo chemical reactions when exposed to light of a specific wavelength or intensity. Liquid photopolymers are used in applications such as 3D printing, where they are deposited layer by layer and cured by exposure to light. Solid photopolymers, also known as photoresists, are used in applications such as lithography and microfabrication, where they are applied as a thin film and selectively exposed to light to create a pattern. The properties of photopolymer materials, such as mechanical strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance, can be tailored by adjusting the monomer type, photo initiator type, and processing parameters such as the exposure time and intensity. Overall, photopolymer materials are a versatile and widely used type of polymer material that can be tailored for specific applications through the choice of monomer, photo initiator, and processing parameters. Photopolymer-metal composites based on metal foil deposition on additive manufactured substrates are a technique for creating composite materials with a combination of metal and polymer properties. This approach involves the deposition of a thin layer of metal foil onto a 3D printed polymer substrate, which is then cured using photopolymerization to create a composite material with unique properties.

Keywords:

Photopolymer; 3D printer; Metal foil; Deposition; Metallization; Mechanical; Tribological

References

[1] Additive Manufacturing/3D Printing: Introduction and Applications [Internet]. Available from: https://omnexus.specialchem.com/selection-guide/3d-printing-and-additive-manufacturing-polymers-and-processes

[2] Prabhakar, M.M., Saravanan, A.K., Lenin, A.H., et al., 2021. A short review on 3D printing methods, process parameters and materials. Materials Today: Proceedings. 45, 6108–6114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.225

[3] How 3D Printers Work [Internet]. Energy.gov; 2014. Available from: https://www.energy.gov/articles/how-3d-printers-work

[4] Santini, A., Gallegos, I.T., Felix, C.M., 2013. Photoinitiators in dentistry: A review. Primary Dental Journal. 2(4), 30–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1308/205016814809859563

[5] Schwalm, R., 2001. Photoinitiators and photopolymerization. Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology. 6946–6951. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/01230-4

[6] Encyclopedia of Materials: Composites [Internet]. ScienceDirect. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780128197318/encyclopedia-of-materials-composites

[7] Crivello, J.V., Reichmanis, E., 2014. Photopolymer materials and processes for advanced technologies. Chemistry of Materials. 26(1), 533–548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cm402262g

[8] Cherevko, A.I., Denisov, G.L., Nikovskii, I.A., et al., 2021. Composite materials manufactured by photopolymer 3D printing with metal-organic frameworks. Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry. 47(5), 319–325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s107032842105002x

[9] Al Rashid, A., Ahmed, W., Khalid, M.Y., et al., 2021. Vat photopolymerization of polymers and polymer composites: Processes and applications. Additive Manufacturing. 47, 102279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102279

[10] Additive Manufacturing with Functionalized Nanomaterials [Internet]. ScienceDirect. [cited 2023 Apr 7]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128231524/additive-manufacturing-with-functionalized-nanomaterials

[11] Ryder, M.A., Lados, D.A., Iannacchione, G.S., et al., 2018. Fabrication and properties of novel polymer-metal composites using fused deposition modeling. Composites Science and Technology. 158, 43–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.01.049

[12] Liu, B., Wang, Y., Lin, Z., et al., 2020. Creating metal parts by fused deposition modeling and sintering. Materials Letters. 263, 127252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.127252

[13] Ralls, A.M., Kumar, P., Menezes, P.L., 2020. Tribological properties of additive manufactured materials for energy applications: A review. Processes. 9(1), 31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9010031

[14] Hemachandra, M., Thapliyal, S., Adepu, K., 2022. A review on microstructural and tribological performance of additively manufactured parts. Journal of Materials Science. 57(36), 17139–17161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-07736-1

[15] Norani, M.N.M., Abdullah, M.I.H.C., Abdollah, M.F.B., et al., 2021. Mechanical and tribological properties of FFF 3D-printed polymers: A brief review. Jurnal Tribologi. 29, 11–30.

[16] Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications [Internet]. ScienceDirect. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780444637772/electrochemical-power-sources-fundamentals-systems-and-applications

[17] Guide to 3D Printing Materials: Types, Applications, and Properties [Internet]. Formlabs. Available from: https://formlabs.com/blog/3d-printing-materials/

[18] Metallization—Deposition and Etching [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 7]. Available from: http://davidlu.net/Metallization_lecture.pdf

[19] Metallization Process | Types of Metallization | Applications [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 7]. Available from: https://www.eeeguide.com/metallization-process/

[20] Shimizu, M., Ogasawara, T., Ohnuki, T., et al., 2020. Multi-layered copper foil reinforced by co-deposition of single-walled carbon nanotube based on electroplating technique. Materials Letters. 261, 126993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.126993

[21] Butt, J., Mebrahtu, H., Shirvani, H., 2016. Strength analysis of aluminium foil parts made by composite metal foil manufacturing. Progress in Additive Manufacturing. 1, 93–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-016-0008-5

[22] Li, N., Liu, W., Wang, Y., et al., 2021. Laser additive manufacturing on metal matrix composites: A review. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 34, 1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10033-021-00554-7

[23] Zaier, M., Vidal, L., Hajjar-Garreau, S., et al., 2017. Generating highly reflective and conductive metal layers through a light-assisted synthesis and assembling of silver nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. Scientific Reports. 7(1), 12410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12617-8

[24] Balan, L., 2014. Photoinduced Synthesis of Silver/Polymer Nanocomposites [Internet]. [cited 2023 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/70218852/Photoinduced_Synthesis_of_Silver_polymer_Nanocomposites

[25] Çeper, T., Arsu, N., 2017. Photochemically prepared gold/polymer nanocoatings: Formation of gold mirror. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 218(18), 1700030. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201700030

[26] Sharafudeen, R., 2020. Smart hybrid coatings for corrosion protection applications. Advances in smart coatings and thin films for future industrial and biomedical engineering applications. Elsevier: Amsterdam. pp. 289–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-849870-5.00010-0

[27] Fernandes, I.J., Aroche, A.F., Schuck, A., et al., 2020. Silver nanoparticle conductive inks: Synthesis, characterization, and fabrication of inkjet-printed flexible electrodes. Scientific Reports. 10(1), 8878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65698-3

[28] Nanocoating [Internet]. ScienceDirect. [cited 2023 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/nanocoating#:~:text=Nanocoating%20is%20a%20process%20by%20which%20a%20thin

[29] Martin, P.M., 2010. Surface preparation for film and coating deposition processes. Handbook of deposition technologies for films and coatings. Elsevier: Amsterdam. pp. 93–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-8155-2031-3.00003-x

[30] Schröer, D., Nichols, R.J., Meyer, H., 1995. Pretreatment of polymer surfaces—the crucial step prior to metal deposition. Electrochimica Acta. 40(10), 1487–1494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(95)00053-h

Downloads

How to Cite

K G, S. (2024). Photopolymer-metal Composites Based on Metal Foil Deposition on Additive Manufactured Substrates: An Overview. Journal of Metallic Material Research, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.30564/jmmr.v7i1.5962

Issue

Article Type

Review