Analysis of Ecotourism, Culture and Local Community Empowerment: Case Study of Wasur National Park - Indonesia

Authors

  • Inez Cara Alexander Phoek Faculty of Business and Accountancy, Saint Theresa School of Economics Merauke, Indonesia
  • Alexander Phuk Tjilen Faculty of Social and Political Science, Musamus University Merauke, Indonesia
  • Edi Cahyono Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University Kendari, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v3i2.3414

Abstract

The focus of this research lies in community empowerment based on culture and local communities as well as sustainable ecotourism, which is directed at a complicated mechanism of empowerment elements, local culture that is thick in ecotourism to get added value for the novelty of ecotourism research. The object of research is Wasur National Park (WNP), Papua, Indonesia. Qualitative methods have been used to obtain accurate data and information, i.e., in-depth interviews with indigenous people to find out the benefits or functions of their culture that can be developed in ecotourism, interviews with leaders and staff of WNP and the Department of Culture and Tourism to find out the potential and processes empowerment and existing tourism potential. As a result, from the perspective of empowerment, local people will easily follow the empowerment process provided that they use methods that are culturally appropriate which is from the viewpoints from the culture of sasi, totem and sacred places. The culture adopted by the community is in accordance with the principles of ecotourism that supports sustainability, environmental conservation, protection of environmental resources and increases economic value. However, it is recommended to carry out modified socialization in accordance with the current conditions. Hence, tourists who visit WNP do not become afraid of the very rigid sanctions which are applied to them who violate the existing cultural and environmental customs. Moreover, to get added economic value in the tourism business within WNP, it is necessary to explore the potential of cultural wealth, natural and biological wealth so that it becomes the main attraction in carrying out the economic empowerment of local communities in the field of ecotourism.

Keywords:

Ecotourism development, Culture conditions and community empowerment, Sustainability practices, Conservation management, Economic development policy

References

[1] Primadany, “Analisis Strategi Pengembangan Pariwisata Daerah (Studi pada Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Daerah Kabupaten Nganjuk),” Jurnal Administrasi Publik Mahasiswa Universitas Brawijaya, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 135-143, 2013.

[2] Wuryani, Kajian Pengembangan Ekowisata Berbasis Masyarakat di Taman Nasional Wasur, Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah Madah, 2017.

[3] Widodo, “Politik Indonesa,” Indonesian Political Science, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 65-85, 2017.

[4] A. K. Elnagar and A. Derbali, “The Importance of Tourism Contributions in Egyptian Economy,” International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 45-52, 2020.

[5] A. Hidayat, M. Rahmanita and H. Hermantoro, “Community Empowerment in Plempoh Cultural Tourism Village,” Tourism Research Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 98, 2017.

[6] A. P. Tjilen, F. Papilaya, U. Riase and E. Cahyono, “An Analysis of Local Community Empowerment Program: A Case of Sota District of Merauke Papua,” Sci Int Lahore, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 4899-4903, 2015.

[7] S. W. Ririhena, A. P. Tjilen, E. Cahyono and I. C. A. Phoek, “Factors Influencing Ecotourism in Wasur National Park Merauke Regency,” Internatioal Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 119- 126, 2020.

[8] A. Giampiccoli and M. Saayman, “Community Based Tourism Development Model and Community Participation,” African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1-27, 2018.

[9] T. Lopez-Guzamn, S. Sanchez-Canizares and V. Pavon, “Community Based Tourism in Developing Countries: A Case Study,” Tourismos, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 69-84, 2011.

[10] M. M. Al-Ababneh, “Creative Cultural Tourism as a New Model of the Relationship Between Cultural Heritage and Tourism,” International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 109-118, 2019.

[11] K. Bunruamkaew and Y. Murayama, “Land Use and Natural Resources Planning for Sustainable Ecotourism Using GIS in Surat Thani Thailand,” Sustainability, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 412-429, 2012.

[12] R. Scheyvens, “Promoting Women’s Empowerment Through Involvement in Ecotourism: Experiences From the Third World,” Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 232-249, 2000.

[13] R. Scheyvens, “Ecotourism and the Empowerment of Local Communities,” Tourism Management, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 245-249, 2015.

[14] B. R. T. Inc., “Charter for Sustainable Tourism,” in World Conference on Sustainable Tourism, Lanzarote, 1995.

[15] BPS, “Merauke Dalam Angka,” Badan Pusat Statistik, Merauke, 2014.

[16] I. Maulana and M. C. Aprianto, “Strategi Pengembangan Ekowisata Berbasis Ekonomi Kearifan Lokal: Sebuah Kasus di Kampung Tajur Purwakarta,” Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, vol. 5, pp. 50-58, 2018.

[17] J. Bulatovic and G. Rajovic, “Applying Sustainable Tourism,” European Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 309-331, 2016.

[18] A. P. Tjilen, Fitriani, H. Tambayong, A. Y. Maturan, S. W. Ririhena and F. Y. Manuhutu, “Participation in Empowering Women and the Potential of the Local Community Economy, A Study Case in Merauke Regency Papua Province,” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, vol. 9, pp. 167-176, 2018.

[19] A. P. Tjilen, S. W. Ririhena and F. Y. Manuhutu, “Local Community Empowerment in Implementation of Village Fund Program in District Naukenjerai of Merauke Regency,” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 633-642, 2019.

[20] E. Suharto, Membangun Masyarakat Memberdayakan Rakyat, Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2005.

[21] Sumardjo and Saharuddin, Metode-Metode Partisipatif dalam Pengembangan Masyarakat, Bogor: Departemen Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial dan Ekonomi Fakultas Pertanian dan Program Pasca Sarjana IPB, 2004.

[22] F. Nazarullail, Hardika and E. S. Desyanty, “Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Program Ekowisata Lepen Adventure,” Jurnal Pendidikan, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 1071-1076, 2017.

[23] R. Ardiwijaya, “Pemanfaatan Situs Karang Kapal Sebagai Obyek Wisata Minat Khusus,” Jurnal Arkeologi Siddhayatra, vol. 25, no. 1, 2020.

[24] A. P. Tjilen, S. W. Ririhena, N. Jalal, Y. E. Teturan and W. Jeujanan, “The Coastal Community Development Project (CCDP) Environmentally Sustainable Empowerment Model in District Merauke,” in 3rd Energy, Environmental and Information System International Conference ICENIS 2018, Semarang, 2018.

[25] E. Mulyana, “Upaya Pemberdayaan Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya pada Masyarakat Melalui Pengembangan Bisnis Ekowisata.,” Business Innovation and Entrepreneurship Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 38-43, 2019.

[26] Nandi, “Pariwisata dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia,” GEA Pendidikan Geografi , vol. 8, no. 1, 2008.

[27] Muliawan and M. Budi, “Kearifan Tradisional Perlindungan dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Hutan oleh Suku Kanume di Taman Nasional Wasur,” Departemen Konservasi Sumber Daya Hutan dan Ekowisata Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian, Bogor, 2013.

[28] R. Patriana, S. Adiwibowo, R. A. Kinseng and A. Satria, “The Dynamics of Sasi in Kaimana: the Institutional Change over Traditional Marine Resource Management,” Sodality Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, vol. 4, no. 3, 2016.

[29] I. N. Suryawan, “Maintaining the Mother Tounge on Sacred Places and the Challenges of Socio-Cultural Changes of the Marori and Kanum People in Merauke Papua,” Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya, vol. 9, no. 3, 2017.

[30] Suntoko, Kajian Struktur, Fungsi, dan Nilai Budaya Tradisi Sasi (Ritual Penetapan Larangan Berdasarkan Adat) Suku Moi Pesisir Kabupaten Sorong Provinsi Papua Barat, Indonesia: Universitas Pendidikan, 2016.

Downloads

How to Cite

Phoek, I. C. A., Tjilen, A. P., & Cahyono, E. (2021). Analysis of Ecotourism, Culture and Local Community Empowerment: Case Study of Wasur National Park - Indonesia. Macro Management & Public Policies, 3(2), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.30564/mmpp.v3i2.3414

Issue

Article Type

Reviews