Macro Management & Public Policies

Cost recovery and user satisfaction are among the core objectives of any public or quas-public good provision.  Public toilet service provision has been the domain of local government until when liberalisation policies struck the developing south.  With stringent condition to reduce the fiscal burden, local government authorities have sought to offload some of...

The issue of food and nutrition security (FNS) brings together concerns over a range of environmental, economic, social, and cultural changes which taken together influence the diets and health of the population. There have been many attempts to capture specific overlapping dimensions of food and nutrition security in circumpolar territories. None of them, however, has...

Energy union and climate stands as one of the priorities of the European commission, aiming at the provision of secure, environmentally friendly and affordable energy. European energy policy over the last two decades have reshaped energy markets challenging the profitability and viability of energy companies. The latter must prove flexible in their management, including...

In the rapid development of science and technology, the Internet has been widely used in the daily life and work of people, which has greatly changed the way people live and work. At this stage, people regard the Internet as the main way to obtain news information, and they have supervised the news contents ^[1]....

Human society is not a history of ideas, as such, of the activities or the vicissitudes of destinies, the so-called historical personalities acting according to the arbitrariness of their mind and heart. The history of society has its “earthly basis”. This is, first of all, the history of the development of people, their existence,...