Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Changes Affecting Regional Ecology in Patna Urban Agglomeration (PUA) in Bihar, India During 1990 to 2024

Authors

  • Ekta Raman

    Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
  • Poonam Sharma

    Department of Geography, Shaheed Bhagat Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110017, India.
  • Subhash Anand

    Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
  • Praveen Kumar

    Department of Geography, Shyama Prasad Mukherji College for women, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110026, India.
  • Niraj Kumar

    Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
  • Arvind Kumar Sahani

    Department of African Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
  • Vimlesh Kumar Saket

    Department of African Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
  • Manish Kumar

    Department of Political Science, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v7i1.7872
Received: 25 November 2024 | Revised: 23 December 2024 | Accepted: 24 December 2024 | Published Online: 17 January 2025

Abstract

Patna is among the cities high populated at risk of ecological and environmental deterioration due to a variety of human activities, such as poor land cover management. One of the most crucial elements of a successful land resource management plan is the evaluation of Land Use Land Cover (LULC). Over the past 20 years, our planet's land cover resources have undergone substantial changes due to rapid development. The Land Use Land Cover (LULC) categories of the Patna Urban Agglomeration (PUA), including water bodies, agricultural land, barren land, built-up areas, and vegetation, were identified using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Three multi-temporal images were analyzed and classified through supervised classification using the maximum likelihood method. By comparing three separately created LULC categorized maps from 1990 and 2024, temporal changes were analyzed. In order to update land cover or manage natural resources, it is vital to use change detection as a tool to identify changes in LULC over time in PUA, Patna between 1990, 2010 and 2024. According to their respective Kappa coefficients, the accuracy rates for 1990, 2010 and 2024 LULC are 91.66 and 94.93, respectively. An accuracy evaluation was conducted to determine the correctness of the classification system and to determine the efficacy of the LULC classification maps. One hundred reference test pixels were identified. There have been found significant changes in the LULC were built up area has increased doubled in last thirty-four years of timeline.

Keywords:

LULC; GIS; Urban Agglomeration, Ecology, Patna

References

[1] Molders, N., 2011. Impact of land-cover and land-cover changes. In: Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes. pp. 39–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1527-1_3

[2] Senapati, S., Bhunia, G.S., Brahma, S., et. al., 2023. Geographical Analysis of Municipal Waste Management—a case study of Patna Municipal Corporation (Bihar, India). Urban Commons, Future Smart Cities and Sustainability, Springer: New York, NY, USA, pp. 551–568.

[3] Singh, K., Steinberg, F., 1996. Urban India in Crisis. New Age International Ltd: Delhi, India. pp. 1–465.

[4] Chandra, S.S., 2015. Land Use and Agriculture in Patna Division. 3(8), 1179–1180.

[5] Yadav, A., Kumar, R., Swarup, S., 2023. Remote Sensing Image-Based Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Effect in Relation to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): A Case Study of Patna Municipal Corporation. Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol.(IJRASET). 11(1), 1143–1155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48777

[6] Mishra, V.N., Rai, P.K., 2016. A remote sensing aided multi-layer perceptron-Markov chain analysis for land use and land cover change prediction in Patna district (Bihar), India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 9, 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-015-2138-3

[7] Khan, B., Rathore, V.S., Krishna, A.P., 2021. Identification of Desakota region and urban growth analysis in Patna City, India using remote sensing data and GIS. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 49, 935–945. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-020-01248-8

[8] Sharma, K., Pani, P., 2017. The river response to urbanization: A study of Patna regional development area. Transactions. 39(2), 1–271.

[9] Ashraf, M., 2014. An Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Change Pattern in Patna Municipal Corporation Over a Period of 25 Years (1989--2014) Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 3(10), 16782–16791. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2014.0310053

[10] Rizvi, I.,Raj, S., 2022. Urban Open Spaces and Urban Sustainability: A Case Study of Patna Municipal Corporation. International Journal of Recent Research Aspects. 9(1), 1–7.

[11] Chettry, V., Surawar, M., 2021. Assessment of urban sprawl characteristics in Indian cities using remote sensing: Case studies of Patna, Ranchi, and Srinagar. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 23(8), 11913–11935. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01149-3

[12] Prakash, A., Diksha, Kumar, A., 2023. Measuring Vertical Urban Growth of Patna Urban Agglomeration Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry SAR (PSInSAR) Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing. 15(14), 3687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143687

[13] Kumar, S., Rajak, F., 2023. Assessment of urban green open spaces of micro-and meso-level zones, based on the growth pattern: case of Patna City. Sustainability. 15(2), 1609, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021609

[14] Zafar, M.M., Kumari, A., 2024. Spatio-temporal evaluation of the impact of anthropogenic stressors on physico-chemical characteristics and water quality of the River Ganga using GIS-based approach in the middle Gangetic Plains at Patna, Bihar, India. Water Science & Technology. 89(5), 1382–1400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.053

[15] Das, S., Das, S., Dhanaraj, K., 2024. Dynamics of urban expansion and its impacts on land use changes at suburban fringe areas of Ranchi and Patna cities: a comparative study. Modern Cartography Series. 11, 161–190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-15832-2.00008-3

[16] Ashraf, M., Ghose, D.S., 2015. An assessment of declining urban greens under Patna Municipal Corporation based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology. (5), 220–232.

[17] Sharma, K., Pani, P., 2017. Geoanthropogenic Environment: An Appraisal. A.K. Publications: Chico, CA, USA. pp. 12–25.

[18] Jensen, J.R., Coven, D.C.,1999. Remote Sensing of Urban/Suburban Infrastructure and Socio-Economic Attributes. Wiley: Hoboken, New Jersey, NJ, USA. pp. 611–622.

[19] Rwanga S, Ndambuki J., 2017. Accuracy Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Classification Using Remote Sensing and GIS. International Journal of Geosciences. (8), 1–5.

[20] Anderson, J.R.,1976. A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data (Vol. 964). US Government Printing Office. pp. 1–27.

[21] Anderson, N.H., 1971. Integration theory and attitude change. Psychological Review. 78(3), 171–206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030834

Downloads

How to Cite

Raman, E., Sharma, P., Anand, S., Kumar, P., Kumar, N., Sahani, A. K., Saket, V. K., & Kumar, M. (2025). Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Changes Affecting Regional Ecology in Patna Urban Agglomeration (PUA) in Bihar, India During 1990 to 2024. Research in Ecology, 7(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v7i1.7872

Issue

Vol. 7, Iss. 1 (March 2025)

Article Type

Articles

License

Copyright © 2025 Ekta Raman, Poonam Sharma, Subhash Anand, Praveen Kumar, Niraj Kumar, Arvind Kumar Sahani, Vimlesh Kumar Saket, Manish Kumar

Creative Commons License

This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC