Association of Variations in the Dynamics of the Lithosphere with Sea Temperature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v1i1.458Abstract
Variations in the dynamics of the oceanic lithosphere are important at the societal and research levels because geological activities are associated with these variations. At any given section of the lithosphere, the time in which typical geophysical parameters vary is considerably smaller than section’s age. The lithosphere can, therefore, be assumed to proceed from one state of dynamic equilibrium to another displaced differentially. When these conditions are accounted for in the thermal analysis of the oceanic lithosphere, the earth’s internal heat flux through the lithosphere is found to be an adiabatic invariant. Lithosphere physical parameters exhibit constant change and linearity. These findings simplify analysis of heat and work interactions between oceanic lithosphere and continents, lithosphere dynamics, and deep mantle heat transfer. The temperature of the solid earth remains unchanged for the foreseeable future, and variations in sea temperature vary the intensity of geological activities. If sea temperature increases, the geological activities increase and vice versa. Relevant equations are derived using this thermal analysis of the lithosphere and validated based on observations and the work of others. In addition, the analysis reveals that the eleven-year solar constant cycle is capable of inducing 1.56 x 1016 J yr-1 of geological activities.
Keywords:
Lithosphere; Dynamic equilibrium; Fourier equation; Climate change; Seasonal variations; Solar constantReferences
[1] Gulyaeva T. Association of Seismic Activity with Solar Cycle and Geomagnetic Activity. Development in Earth Science, 2014, 2, 14-19.
[2] Olive J. A., Behn M. D., Ito G., Buck W. R., Escartín, J. and Howell S. Sensitivity of seafloor bathymetry to climate-driven fluctuations in mid-ocean ridge magma supply. Science, 2015, 350, 310-313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0715
[3] Lenardic A., Jellinek A. M. and Moresi L. N. A climate induced transition in the tectonic style of a terrestrial planet. Elsevier B. V., 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.031
[4] Swedan N. H. Ridge Push Engine of Plate Tectonics. Geotectonics, 2015, 49, 4, 342-345. (p. 350; Table 3, p. 357). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016852115040081
[5] Jeffreys H. The Earth, Cambridge University Press, New York, U.S.A., 1924. p. 79-91.
[6] Turcotte D. D. and Schubert G. Geodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, U.S.A., 1982. p. 134, 152-157, 163-165.
[7] Stacy F. D. and Davis P. M. Physics of the Earth, Cambridge University Press, 4th ed., New York, U.S. A., 2008. p. 338-347.
[8] Purkey S. G. and Johnson G. C. Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters between the 1990s and 2000s: Contributions to Global Heat and Sea Level Rise Budgets. J. Climate, 2010, 23, 6336–6351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3682.1
[9] Floyd P. A. Oceanic Basalts, Department of Geology, University of Keele Staffordshire, 1991, Part 1.2 by Cann J., p. 2; Part 3.2 by White R.. p. 31. T
[10] Perry R. H. and Green D. Perry’s Chemical Engineers Handbook, 6th ed., Mc Graw-Hill, New York, U.S.A., 1984. Ed. Crawford H. B. and Eckes B. E., Section 2 by Hoerl A. E. and Nashed M. Z., p. 2-38.
[11] Incropera F. P. and De Witt D. P. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, U.S.A, 1985. p.45, 62-65.
[12] Davies J. H. and Davies D. R. Earth’s surface heat flux, Solid Earth, 2010, 1, 5–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/se-1-5-2010
[13] Thompson D. W. J., Sidel D. j., Randel W. j., Zou C., Butler A. H., Mears C., Osso A., Long C. and Lin R., The mystery of recent stratospheric temperature trends. Nature, 2012, 49, 29, 692-697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11579
[14] University of Colorado., Global Mean Sea Level Time Series, 2016. https://www.sealevel.colorado.edu/content/2016rel4-global-mean-sea-level-time-series-seasonal-signals-removed
[15] NOAA. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data Center, Global Surface Temperature Anomalies, Mean Monthly Surface Temperature Estimates for the Base Period 1901 to 2000., 2000. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/faq/anomalies.php
[16] Geuder N. Solar Resource Measurements and Satellite Data, CSP services, Almeria, Cologne, Germany, 2013, p. 7. https://www.sfera.sollab.eu/downloads/Schools/Solar_Resource_Measurements_Norbert_Geuder_SFERA2013.pdf
[17] NASA. National Aeronautics Space Administration Science, 2013. https://www.science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2013/08jan_sunclimate/
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Article Type
License
Copyright © 2019 Nabil H. Swedan
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.
Copyright and Licensing
The authors shall retain the copyright of their work but allow the Publisher to publish, copy, distribute, and convey the work.
Journal of Geological Research publishes accepted manuscripts under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Authors who submit their papers for publication by Journal of Geological Research agree to have the CC BY-NC 4.0 license applied to their work, and that anyone is allowed to reuse the article or part of it free of charge for non-commercial use. As long as you follow the license terms and original source is properly cited, anyone may copy, redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform, and build upon the material.
License Policy for Reuse of Third-Party Materials
If a manuscript submitted to the journal contains the materials which are held in copyright by a third-party, authors are responsible for obtaining permissions from the copyright holder to reuse or republish any previously published figures, illustrations, charts, tables, photographs, and text excerpts, etc. When submitting a manuscript, official written proof of permission must be provided and clearly stated in the cover letter.
The editorial office of the journal has the right to reject/retract articles that reuse third-party materials without permission.
Journal Policies on Data Sharing
We encourage authors to share articles published in our journal to other data platforms, but only if it is noted that it has been published in this journal.