The Impact of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on Environmental Sustainability in Central Asian Countries

Authors

  • Ergash Ibadullaev

    Economics Department, Mamun University, Urgench 220100, Uzbekistan
  • Yuldoshboy Sobirov

    Department of Accounting, Mamun University, Urgench 220100, Uzbekistan
  • Nodira Namazova

    Department of Social Sciences, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara 200126, Uzbekistan
  • Gulistan Musaeva

    Department of Uzbek Language and Literature, Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
  • Oybek Xudayarov

    Department of Bank Account and Audit, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent 100066, Uzbekistan
  • Tukhtabek Rahkimov

    Department of Economics, Urgench State University, Urgench 220100, Uzbekistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v8i2.12599
Received: 29 October 2025 | Revised: 27 November 2025 | Accepted: 8 December 2025 | Published Online: 18 March 2026

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of non-renewable energy production, renewable energy production, and population size on per capita greenhouse gas emissions in Central Asian (CA) countries over the period 2000–2024, utilizing the Panel ARDL–PMG (Pooled Mean Group) estimation technique. The analysis provides both long-run and short-run country-specific insights into the determinants of emissions, offering a nuanced understanding of environmental dynamics in the region. The long-run results reveal that non-renewable energy production is positively and significantly associated with per capita greenhouse gas emissions, indicating that reliance on fossil fuels continues to drive environmental degradation. In contrast, renewable energy production is found to have a negative long-run effect, suggesting that investments in clean energy sources can effectively mitigate emissions over time. Population size also exhibits a negative long-run association with per capita emissions, reflecting potential demographic influences on energy consumption patterns. Short-run estimates demonstrate heterogeneous effects across countries: in two Central Asian nations, non-renewable energy production substantially increases per capita emissions, whereas in the other two, it reduces emissions. Similarly, renewable energy production has a positive short-run impact in three countries, a negative impact in one, and an insignificant effect in another. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing country-specific dynamics and adopting tailored energy and environmental policies. The study contributes to regional policy discussions by highlighting the need for a balanced transition towards renewable energy while addressing the unique socio-economic contexts of each country.

Keywords:

Renewable Energy; Non-Renewable Energy; Environmental Sustainability; CA; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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How to Cite

Ibadullaev, E., Sobirov, Y., Namazova, N., Musaeva, G., Xudayarov, O., & Rahkimov, T. (2026). The Impact of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption on Environmental Sustainability in Central Asian Countries. Research in Ecology, 8(2), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v8i2.12599

Issue

Vol.8, Iss.2 (April 2026)(in progress)

Article Type

Article

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Copyright © 2026 Ergash Ibadullaev, Yuldoshboy Sobirov, Nodira Namazova, Gulistan Musaeva, Oybek Xudayarov, Tukhtabek Rahkimov

Creative Commons License

This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.

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