Towards the Intellectualisation of Indigenous African Languages Through University Language Policies in South Africa

Authors

  • Liqhwa Siziba

    School of Languages, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i3.6543
Received: 26 February 2024 | Revised: 20 April 2024 | Accepted: 5 May 2024 | Published Online: 2 July 2024

Abstract

Although the use of African languages as Languages of Teaching and Learning (LoTLs) at various academic levels and in various fields of knowledge has been gaining momentum, it is yet to be effectively implemented in some South African universities. Failure to implement the use of African languages as LoTLs has often been attributed to their lack of intellectualisation. Deploying Ruiz’s notion of language as a resource, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of language policies of two South African universities to establish how they enable the intellectualisation of indigenous African languages. Through a content analysis of the two universities’ recently revised language policies, the paper discusses the respective institutions’ commitment to the cause of language intellectualisation concerning African languages that have been selected for development as LoTLs. Universities that seek to implement the use of African languages as LoTLs need to come up with language policies that explicitly spell out their intellectualisation plans. The paper further argues that universities need not focus on language status planning only, but also on corpus planning to successfully implement the use of African languages as LoTLs.

Keywords:

Institutional language policies; Intellectualisation of African languages; Language as a resource; Language of teaching and learning; Terminology development

References

Alberts, M., 1997. Legal terminology in African languages. Lexikos. 7, 179–191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5788/7-1-979

Alexander, N., 2003. The African renaissance and the use of African languages in tertiary education. PRAESA: Cape Town.

Alexander, N., 2005. The intellectualisation of African languages. PRAESA/University of Cape Town.

Alexander, N., 2007. The role of African universities in the intellectualisation of African languages. Journal of Higher Education in Africa. 5(1), 29–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57054/jhea.v5i1.1641

Bamgbose, A., 2000. Language and Exclusion: The Consequences of Language Policies in Africa. Lit Verlag Munster: Münster.

Bamgbose, A., 2000. Language planning in West Africa. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 141, 101–117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.2000.141.101

Bamgbose, A., 2011. African languages today: The challenge of and prospects for empowerment under globalisation. 40th Annual Conference on African Linguistics; 2011. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. p. 1–14.

Bamgbose, A., 2015. African language dilemma in African renaissance and development. Current Research in African Linguistics: Papers in Honour of Oladele Awobuluyi. Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Newcastle. pp.10–26.

Banda, F., 2009. Critical perspectives on language planning and policy in Africa: Accounting for the notion of multilingualism. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus. 38, 1–11.

Barros S., Domke L.M., Symons C., et al., 2021. Challenging monolingual ways of looking at multilingualism: Insights for curriculum development in teacher preparation. Journal of Language, Identity and Education. 20(4), 239–254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2020.1753196

Beukes, A.M., 2009. Language policy incongruity and African languages in post-apartheid South Africa. Language Matters. 40(1), 35–55.

Chabata, E., 2013. The language factor in the development of Africa: A case for the compilation of specialised dictionaries in indigenous African languages. South African Journal of African Languages. 33(1), 51–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2989/02572117.2013.793940

Dlodlo, T.S., 1999. Science nomenclature in Africa: Physics in Nguni. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 36(3), 321–331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2736(199903)36:3<321::AID-TEA6>3.0.CO;2-8

Drisko, J.W., Maschi, T., 2016. Content Analysis. Oxford University Press: USA.

Dyers, C., Abongdia, J.F., 2015. Ideology, policy and implementation: Comparative perspectives from two African universities. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics. 43, 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5774/43-0-157

Eastman, C., 1983. Language Planning: An Introduction (1st ed.). Chandler and Sharp: CA.

Grin, F., 2006. Economic considerations in language policy. An Introduction to Language Policy: Theory and Method. Blackwell Publishing. 77–94.

Huyssteen L.V., 1997. Problems regarding term creation in the South African languages, with special reference to Zulu. South African Journal of African Languages. 19(3), 179–187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1999.10587395

Jeyifo, B., 2018. English is an African language – Ka Dupe! (for and against Ngugi). Journal of African Cultural Studies. 30(2), 133–147. DOI: https: https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2016.1264295

Kaplan, R.B., Baldauf, R.B., 1997. Language Planning from Practice to Theory. Multilingual Matters.

Kaschula, R.H., Maseko, P., 2014. The intellectualisation of African languages, multilingualism and education: A research-based approach. Alternation. 13, 8–35.

Khumalo, L., 2017. Intellectualisation through terminology development. Lexikos. 27, 252–264.

Khumalo, C., Moodley, M., 2023. Exploring teachers’ perceptions of the relevance of African languages in the digital space. Journal of Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature. 11(1), 774–790.

Khumalo, L., Nkomo, D., 2022. The intellectualisation of African language through terminology and lexicography: Methodological reflections with special reference to lexicographic products of the University of Kwazulu-Natal. Lexikos. 32(2), 133–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5788/32-2-1700

Krippendorff, K., 2004. Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology. SAGE Publications: London.

Language in education policy, 1997. Available from: https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/languageeducationpolicy19971.pdf (cited 27 March 2023).

Language Policy Framework for Public Higher Education Institutions, 2020. Available from: https://www.studocu.com/en-za/document/university-of-fort-hare/human-right-law/languge-policy-framework-for-higher-education-institutions-2020/49034120 (cited 13 August 2023).

Language policy of the NWU, 2022. Available from: https://www.nwu.ac.za/sites/www.nwu.ac.za/files/files/i-governance-management/policy/2022/LanguagePolicy/2P_2.5_2022_e1.pdf (cited 8 February 2024).

Liddicoat, A.J., Bryant, P., 2002. Intellectualisation: A current issue in language planning. Current Issues in Language Planning. 3(1), 1–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14664200208668033

Madadzhe, R.N., 2019. Using African languages at universities in South Africa: The struggle continues. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5842/58-0-843

Makalela, L., McCabe, R., 2013. Monolingualism in a historically black South African university: A case of inheritance. Linguistics and Education. 24(4), 406–414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2013.09.004

Maseko, B., Siziba, L., 2023. Continuities or change? A synchronic and diachronic analysis of documented language policies of selected universities in South Africa. Journal of Language Teaching and Research. 14(2), 304–313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1402.05

Madzimbamuto, F.D., 2012. Developing anatomical terms in an African language. Issues in Medicine. 102(3), 1–4.

Mutasa, D.E., 2015. Language policy implementation in South African universities vis-à-vis the speakers of indigenous African languages’ perception. Perlinguam: A Journal of Language Learning. 31(1), 46–59. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5785/31-1-631

Nhongo, R., Tshotsho B.P., 2020. Is terminology the real problem in failure to implement STEM education in African languages? Translanguaging as an intervention strategy. Multicultural Education. 4(4), 78–89.

Nkomo, D., Wababa, Z., 2013. IsiXhosa lexicography: Past, present and future. Lexikos. 23(1), 348–370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5788/23-1-1219

Potgieter, A., Anthonissen, C., 2017. Language-in-education policies: Managing the multilingualism of learners in the 21st century. In: Kaschula, R. (ed). Multilingualism and Intercultural Communication: A South African Perspective. Wits University Press: Johannesburg, South Africa. pp. 131–156.

Prinsloo, D.J., Zondi, N., 2020. From postcolonial African language lexicography to globally competitive e-lexicography in Africa. In: Kaschula, R.H., Wolff, H.E. (eds). The Transformative Power of Language: From Postcolonial to Knowledge Societies in Africa. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK. pp. 259–274.

Probyn, M., 2005. Language and the struggle to learn: The intersection of classroom realities, language policy, and neo-colonial and globalisation discourses in South African Schools. In: Lin A., Martin, P.W. (eds). Decolonisation, Globalisation: Language-in-Education Policy and Practice. Multilingual Matters: Bristol, UK. pp. 153–171.

Ramanathan, V., 2005. Rethinking language planning and policy from the ground up: Refashioning institutional realities and human lives. Current Issues in Language Planning. 6(2), 89–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14664200508668275

Republic of South Africa, 1996. Bill of Rights. Pretoria: Republic of South Africa.

Siiner, M., 2016. University administrators as forced language policy agents: An institutional ethnography of parallel language strategy and practices at the University of Copenhagen. Current Issues in Language Planning. 17(3–4), 441–458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2016.1204058

University of KwaZulu Natal., 2014. Language policy of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Available from: https://ulpdo.ukzn.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/UKZN-Language-Policy.pdf (cited 10 May 2023).

Van der Merwe, C., 2022. Re-considering orientations in South African language policies. Bandung. 9(1–2), 279–299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-09010011

Webb, V., 1999. Multilingualism in democratic South Africa: The overestimation of language policy. International Journal of Educational Development. 19, 351–366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-0593(99)00033-4

Zungu, T.G., 2021. Intellectualisation of IsiZulu at the University of KwaZulu-Natal through the development of isiZulu terminology and the implementation of the doctoral rule. Alternation. 38,637–657. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29086/2519-5476/2021/sp38a27

Downloads

How to Cite

Siziba, L. (2024). Towards the Intellectualisation of Indigenous African Languages Through University Language Policies in South Africa. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 6(3), 198–212. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i3.6543