Forum for Linguistic Studies

Abstract:

This type of discourse is informed by the Discourse Domain Hypothesis (DDH) which arose from topic-based interlanguage (IL) variation focused by the learners of L2. This work appraises critically how DDH is formulated in a theoretically adequate manner by applying the applicable rules of theory construction in science and guidelines for the SLA. It is... More

Abstract:

This article explores at the relationship between entrepreneurship with Kosovo’s educational institutions, particularly in the context of change management. Evaluating how Kosovo’s educational system may be made more innovative and adaptable by incorporating entrepreneurial ideas into its structures. Entrepreneurs often navigate cultural differences when working with international partners, clients, or customers. Kosovo, with its unique... More

Abstract:

Small group learning strategies offer significant benefits over individual learning and have gained increasing attention in English as Second Language (ESL) contexts. Grounded in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, this study systematically reviews existing literature on collaborative and cooperative learning approaches in ESL classrooms, with a particular focus on Pakistan. While learner-centered methods have been widely implemented... More

Abstract:

The complexity of written texts poses significant challenges for comprehension, impacting education, literacy, and communication across various fields. As the demand for advanced text assessment tools grows, this study aims to integrate Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) with psycholinguistic models to enhance the automated assessment of text complexity, ultimately improving educational practices and content development. A... More

Abstract:

This study aims to conduct a theoretical retrospective on the development of a Constructivist Learning Environment (CLE) model. An innovative Constructivist Learning Environment (CLE) model will be developed based on the theoretical traceability to improve high school students’ metacognitive regulation in authentic writing tasks. Following Richey and Klein’s model research framework, the study is currently... More

Abstract:

Entering the post-pandemic era, the main problem that often arises is using ideal learning methods. The flipped classroom model is a learning approach teachers use today and is widely recommended by experts. Experts believe that this model has various advantages, such as training various skills needed by students, one of which is critical thinking skills.... More

Abstract:

Exhaustion is a feeling sensed in different jobs, including English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching, for various reasons. This study explored internal and external factors leading to Iranian EFL teachers’ sense of exhaustion. In so doing, a basic interpretive design was used to collect data using one-to-one semi-structured interviews. The participants of the present... More

Abstract:

Few systematic review research specifically explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) speaking instruction in Asian higher education. Given current research trends, AI-based instruction is receiving increasing attention for its potential to enhance language learning. Therefore, this review aims to trace the trend of empirical research on integrating... More

Abstract:

Metaphors significantly shape our understanding of societal issues, influencing how we perceive and react to them. With AI technology becoming increasingly prevalent, it has become a popular subject for cartoonists who use their art to convey diverse opinions about its impact. This study examines how AI is portrayed in editorial cartoons, focusing on visual metaphors,... More

Abstract:

This study aims to develop a set of English Reading Comprehension Modules (ERCMs) to effectively promote Chinese students’ reading proficiency and enhance their knowledge of Chinese culture to promote Quality Education. The ERCMs were developed using the ASSURE Model and contain 45 reading passages about Chinese culture for primary, intermediate and advanced readers. The reading... More

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the level and impact of FLA on speech production among EFL learners in secondary school in the Medina region, Saudi Arabia. The influence of teachers’ attitudes on FLA among students was also examined. Moreover, the study explored the teachers’ and students’ awareness of FLA’s effect on the students’ speech production.... More

Abstract:

This study explores the semiotics of the title in The Prophet by Gibran, comparing its English and Arabic versions, and elucidates the semantic connotations tied to Gibran’s psyche, cultural background, and the idealistic message he conveyed to humanity. The study is divided into two sections: the first is theoretical, presenting the concept of semiotics in... More

Abstract:

This paper is all about the fundamental facts and features of the form and meaning of words. It is a very intricate area of linguistics because even the native speakers often face a lot of difficulties and confusions when a word is in isolation. The term ‘form’ is the set order of words which may... More

Abstract:

Vowel shortening and resyllabification are common phonological processes in Arabic dialects. However, these processes are less common in Standard Arabic, and they are expected to be the least common in Quranic Arabic, which represents Classical Arabic. This is because Quranic Arabic needs to be pronounced clearly and enunciatively as dictated by Quranic recitation rules. In... More

Abstract:

This article examines the archaic bookish words presented in the works of the great Kazakh poet and thinker Abai Kunanbayuly. The purpose of the article is identifying the specifics of the use of archaisms and bookish words in Abai’s works, as well as their role in the formation of the aesthetic and philosophical content of... More

Abstract:

States and districts mandate teacher evaluation systems in schools. However, research indicates that compliance with the law alone does not assure quality performance in evaluations. In addition, not all schools across different districts—urban and remote—perform at the same level or quality. This research paper offers a subjective view of six Arabic and English language teachers... More

Abstract:

This research examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) educational sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), focusing on policy implementation, pedagogical implications, and practical applications. As AI rapidly transforms educational methodologies through personalized learning experiences and increased accessibility, this study investigates its long-term impact on education... More

Abstract:

This sociolinguistic study investigates how social factors influence the alternation between two phonological variants of /k/ and /g/ in Buraidawi Arabic (BA), specifically their realization as non-affricate or affricate sounds (e.g., /k/ or /ts/ and /g/ or /dz/). The research examines the role of gender, age, education, and social class in shaping these... More

Abstract:

The paper seeks to answer the question whether gender sensitivity finds its way in speeches, oral utterances, lengthy texts, clichés, slogans etc. that constitute a contemporary public discourse. The research traces the deep-rooted stereotypes concerning feminine/masculine social roles and functions while their lingual presentations are traditionally perceived as fixed and emotionally trite. The study shows... More

Abstract:

This study delves into the complexities of translating the Kazakh cultural concept ‘bauyr’ (liver) from Dulat Issabekov’ s ‘Gaukhartas’ (Precious stone) into English and Russian. The research highlights the importance of preserving cultural nuances in translation to maintain the integrity of the original work and facilitate cross-cultural understanding. That is why we aim to study... More

Abstract:

This study investigates the viability of translating verse into Indonesian from its original language. The research is based on in-depth examinations of multiple sources, including written texts and expertise. These documents include verses from Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Indonesian translations of those quotes. A wide range of stakeholders, including literary scholars, translation experts, and... More

Abstract:

Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) tools, such as Grammarly and GPT-based models, have become increasingly prevalent in educational settings, offering immediate feedback to enhance writing skills. However, these systems often fall short in delivering personalized, context-sensitive feedback, particularly for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. This research introduces a novel approach using Variational Autoencoders (VAEs)... More

Abstract:

Despite considerable efforts invested in English language teaching, the prevalence of spelling errors poses a significant obstacle for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners due to the intricate nature of the English writing system, which is characterized by a lack of direct, one-to-one correspondence between spoken and written forms. Additionally, the lack of emphasis... More

Abstract:

This study investigates the ability of ESL instructors to differentiate between AI machine-generated and student-generated translations and assesses their confidence in doing so. Twenty instructors evaluated 44 translations (22 student-generated, 22 machine-generated), classifying each as either machine- or student-produced. In total, 434 valid responses were analyzed using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) in R.... More

Abstract:

This study aims to determine the attitudes of pre-service teachers toward the digital transformation in foreign language instruction. This study was carried out using the survey model. 420 students participated in the sample group during the 2023–2024 academic year. The findings of the study have provided insight into how pre-service teachers view the role of... More

Abstract:

As the number of international students in South Korean universities increases, top-tiered institutions are gradually adopting English-Medium Instruction (EMI) policies without considering the linguistic diversity of these students (Lee & Lee, 2018). Similarly, my English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses were initially designed to be solely conducted in English, assuming that it would be the... More

Abstract:

This paper contributes to the existing literature on laughter, criticism sequences, and the management of social relationships in mundane interactions. To achieve its aim, it examines the emergence of laughter in criticism sequences in Saudi Arabic mundane interactions. The study first seeks to identify the sequential positioning of laughter in these sequences and analyzes what... More

Abstract:

This study investigates the concept of conditional clauses in contracts, particularly focusing on contracts of donation, which involve the free transfer of ownership by means such as gifts, charitable giving, and wills. This study emphasizes the importance of this topic considering its frequent occurrence in jurisprudential discussions, relevance to contractual stipulations, and practical... More

Abstract:

As an important medium to spread feminist ideas, magazines have attracted attention in their presentation of feminism. Metaphor analysis helps to understand the public’s cognition and attitude towards social issues, and reveals the role of metaphor in influencing thinking and decision-making. Based on conceptual metaphor theory and using corpus analysis, this paper focuses on feminism-related... More

Abstract:

Digital language services (DLS) are playing an increasingly important role in the rapid development of globalized information technologies. The objective of this study is to explore the transformative trends and future directions in DLS including innovations, challenges, and competitive strategies in the information age. Through a qualitative review method, i.e., an in-depth exploration of social... More

Abstract:

This article examines some central aspects of L2 pronunciation instruction, such as nativeness, foreign accent, types of instruction, and strategies for pronunciation instruction. First, it reflects on the native and non-native dichotomy as pillars to understand its implications on the theorization of L2 speech. Secondly, it addresses the phenomenon of foreign accents and their relationship... More

Abstract:

Students develop their understanding by engaging in discussions, observing peers or mentors, and participating in group activities, which foster critical thinking and communication skills. Social learning not only enhances cognitive development but also cultivates empathy, cooperation, and the ability to deal with complex social dynamics. This exploratory study analyzed the relevance of grammar among Gen... More

Abstract:

The linguistic landscape of the Philippines is characterized by the pervasive dominance of English, reflecting historical, socio-political, and economic influences. Consequently, the prioritization of English contributes to linguistic inequalities, influencing language attitudes and further entrenching the hierarchical status of languages in the country. This paper explored the factors that influence the low preference of Gen... More

Abstract:

The article explores orthographic interference in the process of improving the normative tools of national writing. Orthographic interference is a linguistic phenomenon that arises from the interaction of different language systems, manifesting as deviations or violations of writing norms. The study analyzes changes and adaptations of linguistic norms and their impact on the writing skills... More

Abstract:

In African culture, naming a child is an act of anointing or bestowing of value, a whispered hope that the child will live up to the name. This study examined the Siswati adage “libito lelibi liyamona umntfwana,” meaning “a poor name brings calamity to the child.” It highlights the adverse effects of giving a child... More

Abstract:

The fantasy genre in children’s literature is a distinct subgenre in literature aimed at children, transporting young readers to a world of imagination. A primary characteristic of the fantasy genre is its depiction of worlds and events that are beyond reality while maintaining a logical structure. Originating in Greek philosophy as φαντασία (imagination), today’s concept... More

Abstract:

Airport personnel must possess proficient English language skills to function effectively and cater to international travelers adequately. The personnel at Buriram Airport have distinct challenges that necessitate tailored English communication solutions. The research objectives were (1) to study the problems and needs of English communication skills of Buriram Airport personnel, (2) to develop English communication... More

Abstract:

The article focuses on linguistic reference as a crucial process for meaning creation in political discourse. From the perspective of its function in establishing associative connections, influencing the audience's perception, and shaping political reality, linguistic reference is examined. The study covers both a practical examination of the use of references in political documents and speeches... More

Abstract:

This paper explores the linguistic realization of intermediality in Paul Beatty’s novel “The Sellout” and its role in creating satire and critiquing racial and cultural stereotypes. Intermediality, understood as references to music, cinema, and other art forms, is analyzed on explicit and implicit levels. The research aims to identify textual markers of intermediality, examine lexical... More

Abstract:

This study analyzes the geosymbolism of color terms in Kazakh and Turkish toponyms. Colors, as universal cultural
elements, play a significant role in shaping spatial perception and the mental map of the world. They not only describe the
physical characteristics of landscapes but also convey symbolic meanings that reflect the cultural and worldview-specific
features of... More

Abstract:

Vocabulary acquisition is a key part of reading, especially for child readers. Additionally, as part of the child development and language acquisition process, children experiment with the articulation of sounds and words. Hence, children’s literature often contains lexical creativity, such as coinages. Due to the nature of the formation, coinages are deeply rooted in the... More

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolution of the concept in the linguosynergetic aspect. This approach allows the concept to be viewed as a dynamic and evolving structure that changes under the influence of sociocultural, cognitive, linguistic, and contextual factors. The research focuses on the multilayered interaction of language systems, cultural contexts,... More

Abstract:

Given the profound impact of “Fawasil” on an individual’s psyche and receptiveness to conveyed concepts and meanings, this descriptive-analytical study examines how “Fawasil” enhances engagement with Qur’anic messages, highlighting their phonetic elegance and semantic depth. The analysis focuses on auditory phenomena such as addition, deletion, taskeen, elongation, and ghunnah, examining verses from Surah(s): Al-Ahzab, Al-Haqqah,... More

Abstract:

Significant transformations have occurred in the educational field due to the continued progress in information technology and thus blended learning has gained significant attention worldwide, providing students with diverse learning opportunities. To stay up-to-date with the advancements in educational technology, English teachers at Chinese universities have incorporated blended learning into the instruction of English Extensive... More

Abstract:

This study investigates teachers’ experiences during the sudden shift to online teaching due to COVID-19. It explores their adaptation to the situation and their resilience in ensuring uninterrupted educational continuity. The study focuses on the resilience strategies used by teachers of French at Algerian universities during the pandemic and their teaching adaptation to distance education.... More

Abstract:

Professional placements are integral to teacher education and serve as critical spaces for skill development and identity formation among both pre-service and in-service teachers. However, existing research has not fully examined how the evolving professional development needs of both pre-service and in-service foreign language teachers interact within placement contexts. As such, within a Teaching English... More

Abstract:

In the context of higher education in China, improving students’ English language proficiency has become a critical task, as English plays an increasingly important role in academic development and career success. However, traditional summative assessment methods, such as the College English Test Band 4 and Band 6 (CET-4 and CET-6), mainly provide scores or rankings.... More

Abstract:

Recent advancements in neuroscience have provided valuable insights into how the brain functions, offering significant potential for enhancing educational practices. Despite this, current neuroscientific findings on how the brain learns - particularly in early childhood language acquisition - are not fully utilized in educational settings. This article investigates the foundational principles of educational neuroscience as... More

Abstract:

The present study investigates Thai university learners’ attitudes towards using English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in higher education. A total of 204 students enrolled in international programs at a public university voluntarily completed a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, and 12 participants were randomly chosen for follow-up interviews to explore the perceived opportunities and... More

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to compare the portrayal of Genghis Khan, a significant world historical figure, in the works of Kazakh, Turkish, and Kyrgyz writers. Specifically, it examines Rakhimzhan Otarbayev’s Tears of Genghis Khan, Abdullah Ziya Kozanoglu’s Red Flag, and Chingiz Aitmatov’s White Cloud of Genghis Khan. This study employs postcolonial theory and... More

Abstract:

Technology has remarkably and drastically altered language teaching and learning contexts. To probe into the potential benefits of technology in language settings, the study investigates the effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in enhancing English language proficiency among elementary students aged 5–7 and 9–10 in Saudi Arabia’s Qassim region through English language teachers’... More

Abstract:

Feedback is essential in language teaching and learning as it helps learners identify errors, reinforce correct usage, and guide their progress. Traditionally it was the job of a teacher, however, with the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) this task has become automated. This study evaluated the efficacy of AI-generated feedback provided by the SmallTalk2Me platform... More

Abstract:

This study explores the cognitive and philosophical implications of Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing on their ability to generate meaning without embodiment. Grounded in the coherence-based semantics framework, the research challenges traditional views that emphasize the necessity of embodied cognition for meaningful language comprehension. Through a theoretical and comparative analysis, this paper examines the limitations... More

Abstract:

This article analyzes the artistic concept of the character in Ä. Nūrpeisov’s novel-dilogy The Last Duty, a significant work in contemporary Kazakh literature. The study aims to explore how the novel portrays the country’s socio-ecological problems through its characters. The novel is set against the backdrop of the Aral Sea disaster, depicting its environmental degradation... More

Abstract:

Altered states of consciousness (ASC) encompass phenomena such as near-death experiences (NDEs). NDEs are concise accounts of individuals who have undergone clinical death and subsequently been spontaneously resuscitated or revived, retaining recollection of their experiences during that interval. Numerous individuals who have undergone near-death experiences have recounted experiencing intense mental lucidity, extraordinary sensory images, and... More

Abstract:

The rapid development of science and technology has led to the emergence of new concepts and opportunities in the field of tourism. Tourism plays a significant role in politics, economics, intercultural communication, and the social sphere of many countries. It is a multifaceted phenomenon, considered the world’s largest industry, a communicative practice, a form of... More

Abstract:

This study examines the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PBL) as an instructional strategy to enhance language acquisition and social integration among students with special needs in an inclusive English as a Foreign Language setting. Conducted in a private school in Milagro, Ecuador, the research involved 15 students from diverse grades and with various disabilities, utilizing... More

Abstract:

This study examines the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and prompt engineering in enhancing the creative writing skills of secondary school students. Conducted with 129 students from Government Vocational and Higher Secondary School, Vithura, in Kerala’s Thiruvananthapuram district, the research employed a three-phase intervention encompassing descriptive writing, collaborative scriptwriting, and AI-enhanced storytelling. The findings... More

Abstract:

In music aesthetic education classrooms, language communication between teachers and students, as well as among peers, plays a crucial role in the acquisition of students’ music aesthetic literacy. This study, from the perspective of the classroom context, analyzes the influence of peer relationships and the teacher’s orientation towards learning on the development of college students’... More

Abstract:

Linguists recognize phraseological units as the linguistic means that preserve the traditions and customs of a nation that were formed over centuries. Each nation presents its lifestyle, family values, historical events, worldviews, cultural and spiritual values in its linguistic units. Phraseological units on kinship terms have a specific role and represent social norms and traditions.... More

Abstract:

Opinion is identity expressed in an interplay between ephemeral forms of creativity and the enduring need to codify, structure, and preserve these expressions across time. From the earliest physical and transient manifestations such as dance and performance to building artifacts that celebrate the cultural and aesthetic values of a society, lives the duality between the... More

Abstract:

Technological innovations are transforming language teaching, moving from traditional to modern teaching methods. This study examines the impact of information and communication technologies on the teaching proficiency of future teachers using a quasi-experimental design. Participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received specialized training, including interactive digital platforms,... More

Abstract:

Aitys is a traditional Kazakh genre of improvisational oral poetry, often performed as a poetic contest or duel between two akyns (folk poets) accompanied by the dombra. This article examines the historical development and transformation of aitys through a postcolonial lens. Originally, aitys served as a vital medium for expressing collective values, identity, and social... More

Abstract:

This study aims to identify the conceptual metaphors of depression in a corpus of 100 blogs written in Arabic by people suffering from major depressive disorder by adopting the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Metaphor Identification Procedure was used to identify metaphorical expressions, and then the five-step procedure proposed by Steen was employed to extract the conceptual... More

Abstract:

All words in the modern Kazakh language are divided into three large groups: naming words, auxiliaries, simple words. These groups are further differentiated according to lexico-grammatical aspects, where naming words are first divided into naming parts of speech and verbs and then the naming parts of speech themselves are further divided into naming nouns and... More

Abstract:

Subtitling for D/deaf and hard-of-hearing audiences (SDH) renders the aural codes of media in a written form. These captions contain more than linguistic transcriptions as paralinguistic and extralinguistic information is also provided. This study aims to shed light on the issue of subtitling as a mode of accessibility by following a qualitative comparative approach of... More

Abstract:

While Shakespeare’s works have been extensively analyzed, the influence of translator gender on stylistic features remains underexplored, and most certainly not via computational linguistics. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the intersection of gender and translation in the stylistic choices made by translators of Shakespearean plays into three different languages, addressing a... More

Abstract:

This study investigates the effectiveness of the MyELT Learning Management System (LMS) in a blended learning
environment at Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Vietnam, targeting General English courses. It aims
to enhance student performance by integrating technology with traditional teaching methods. Adopting a mixed-method
approach, it analyzes academic performance records of... More

Abstract:

Correlative conjunctions are essential for cohesion in English. Bring adhesion and cohesion to English. However, understanding them is challenging for non-native English speakers. This study investigated a suitable strategy for learning correlative conjunctions in a rural-based secondary school. A quantitative approach was adopted over a qualitative approach as the former is more scientific, objective, focused,... More

Abstract:

Translation is becoming increasingly technology-dependent, with Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) technology becoming more prevalent in supporting translators and interpreters. These tools are specifically designed to improve productivity, efficiency, and consistency of the translation process. This study aims to investigate the level of familiarity with and use of CAT technologies among BA undergraduate translation students at Sultan... More

Abstract:

Writers’ aptitude to produce coherent essays depends on the correct usage of cohesive devices. Thus this research
aimed to explore strategies the Grade 12 English First Additional Language (EFAL) learners in the Malamulele South circuit
use to achieve cohesion in their English essays. The research problem is that when cohesive devices are used incorrectly,
they... More

Abstract:

Beginning with the relationship between traditional philosophy and landscape painting styles, this study systematically demonstrates how the three major philosophical traditions—Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism—have shaped the artistic language of landscape painting. The research finds that traditional philosophy primarily influences landscape painting styles through three dimensions: compositional language, brush-ink language, and conceptual language. In compositional language,... More

Abstract:

The present study investigates a prominent grammatical topic that has garnered considerable attention among grammarians, specifically the “prohibition of declension.” There is a widespread consensus among grammarians regarding certain words that do not undergo declension and instead function as comparative bases. The methodology employed in this study entails presenting perspectives from both ancient and contemporary... More

Abstract:

This paper aims to define the pragmatic practice and proficiency of refusal speech acts among English as a Foreign Language undergraduate students who completed online-based learning at the World Islamic Sciences & Education University (WISE) in Jordan. It also explores whether their pragmatic proficiency was affected by the transition from face-to-face to online instruction, as... More

Abstract:

The Refutation of the Sects by Yeznik Koghbatsi, a famous creation of Armenian literature from the 5th century, is distinguished not only by its original content but also by its linguistic qualities. In this study, we analyzed the words and phrases related to the semantic group ‘religion and beliefs’ from four book chapters, identifying their... More

Abstract:

The mutual influence and creative connections between folklore and oral art of the Turkic peoples are a broad problem. One important aspect of this urgent problem is the study of the motive of the inheritance of the younger son in the folk tales of the Turkic peoples. The study of folk tale characters is crucial... More

Abstract:

It is already known that the poetic literary text has led to the stage respectively the theater. Indeed, it has accustomed us to the birth of the theater. However, the theater has significantly defined the nature of the dramatic literary work that has been performed on the stage. A dramatic work on stage is associated... More

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the study of the perceptual-imaginative concept, which gives an idea of positive and negative moral qualities of a person and the ethical evaluation of them. The conceptual space of this concept, which includes perceptual-verbal, figurative, ethical, evaluative, and nominative aspects, is considered. The aim of the article is to study... More

Abstract:

The fast growth of digital technology has resulted in new types of migration, most notably the migration of cyborgs—entities that combine human and machine components. Speculative fiction serves as a reflective lens, illuminating the potential tensions inherent in the evolving relationship between humans and machines. This study investigates the socio-environmental implications of cyborg migration through... More

Abstract:

In Bahasa Indonesia, the term sementara is often translated as temporary, provisional, or transient, yet its meaning dynamically shifts depending on context rather than adhering to a fixed grammatical category. Beyond its role as a conjunctive particle or noun, sementara functions as a strategic linguistic tool, allowing speakers to navigate fluid social and pragmatic spaces.... More

Abstract:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in the contemporary education. Although the presence of AI is evident in foreign language teaching, studies related to its role in building Teacher-Student Rapport (TSR), Teacher Immediacy (TI) and Willingness to Communicate (WTC) is scarce. This study explores how teacher-student dynamics and students' attitudes toward artificial intelligence intersect,... More

Abstract:

This study explores the determination of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) and the formation of communicative leadership competence (CLC) in students, particularly focusing on the relationship between these two competencies. The development of ICC and CLC is crucial in an increasingly globalized world, where effective communication across cultural boundaries is essential. The research employs a mixed-methods... More