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2025-06-12
Impact of Iron Nanoparticles, Carbon Nanotube, and Biostimulatory Agents Application on Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
Authors
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Mustafa Algarawi
Department of Soil Science & Water Resource, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah-Iraq,
Al Diwaniyah 58001, Iraq
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Hayyawi A. W. Al-Juthery
College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
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Rukaibaa A. Chechan
Department of Soil Science & Water Resource, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah-Iraq,
Al Diwaniyah 58001, Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v7i2.9399Abstract
Enhancing A. bisporus L. culture media with nanomaterials and some biostimulants is important for in improving mushroom productivity quantitatively and qualitatively. Magnetic iron nanoparticles (N-FeO), carbon nanotube (CNTs) suspensions, effective microorganisms (EM) bio-fertilisers, and growth stimulants (Atonik) were used individually and in combination to enhance the compost culture media. Quantitative and qualitative traits of the mushroom yield were measured. In a simple oOne-Wway experiment that included 16 treatments —Ssingle agents, two-, three-, and four-way Ccombinations and three replications—, the statistical analysis results of Duncan’'s test showed. Tthat the individual impact of the applied study treatments and their combined synergistic effects resulted in a significant increase in the traits of the number of fruiting bodies, fruiting body rate, yield quantity, mushroom biological efficiency ratio, stem length, stem diameter, head diameter, head thickness, carbohydrates content, protein content, ash, and dry matter. The application of Atonik itself resulted in the highest values of fruiting body number, yield, biological efficiency, and stem length, which were respectively were 128.33 body bags–1, 2814 g bag–1, 37.52%, and 3.03 cm, compared to the control of 32.33 body bags–1, 749 g bag–1, 9.98%, and 1.72 cm. The treatments N-FeO+CNT+EM+ATO resulted in a significant increase in the traits of the fruiting body rate, stem length, and carbohydrate content by 32.69 g, 3.40 cm, and 16.78%, respectively, compared to the control of 22.97 g, 1.72 cm, and 8.16%, respectively.
Keywords:
Agaricus bisporus L.; Compost; Bio-Fertilizer; Growth Enhancers; Iron Nanoparticles; Carbon NanotubesReferences
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Mustafa Algarawi, Hayyawi A. W. Al-Juthery, & Rukaibaa A. Chechan. (2025). Impact of Iron Nanoparticles, Carbon Nanotube, and Biostimulatory Agents Application on Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Research in Ecology, 7(2), 106–117. https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v7i2.9399
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Copyright © 2025 Mustafa Algarawi, Hayyawi A. W. Al-Juthery, Rukaibaa A. Chechan
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.
