Norm and Usage in Contemporary Kazakh: A Linguistic Analysis of Youth Discourse and Digital Communication

Authors

  • Zagira Ordabayeva

    Faculty of Philology, Karaganda University, Karaganda 100024, Kazakhstan
  • Shara Mazhitayeva

    Faculty of Philology, Karaganda University, Karaganda 100024, Kazakhstan
  • Karlygash Khamzina

    Department of Kazakh Language and Culture, Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda 100012, Kazakhstan
  • Togzhan Smakova

    Faculty of Philology, Karaganda University, Karaganda 100024, Kazakhstan
  • Zhanbai Kadyrov

    Faculty of Philology, M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, Petropavlovsk 150003, Kazakhstan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i11.11287
Received: 26 July 2025 | Revised: 7 August 2025 | Accepted: 2 September 2025 | Published Online: 22 October 2025

Abstract

This article explores the shifting balance between codified linguistic norms and actual usage patterns in contemporary Kazakh. The main focus is on changes observed in youth colloquial speech and in the rapidly evolving discourse of digital communication. The expansion of social media platforms such as Telegram, Instagram, and WhatsApp has led to the frequent use of non-standard constructions, calques, and hybrid forms. The study demonstrates how these trends are influencing the perception of linguistic correctness, as widespread usage (usus) is increasingly being favored over traditional literary norms. The research is based on a qualitative corpus consisting of social media posts, informal spoken language data, and scholarly opinions on language norms. The methodological foundation includes discourse analysis, comparative syntactic analysis, and contextual-semantic interpretation. The analysis identifies key mechanisms of deviation from the norm, including calquing from Russian, syntactic transfer, non-standard punctuation, abbreviations, and examples of digital slang. The study reveals that in contemporary Kazakh speech, especially among youth, the gap between normative rules and actual linguistic behavior is widening. While traditional grammar is still taught in the educational system, everyday language use increasingly reflects global and media-driven influences. The article frames this shift not merely as a linguistic phenomenon but also as a reflection of deeper sociocultural transformations within individual identity, modern culture, and the digital environment. The findings provide important recommendations for language education, media literacy, and language codification policy. The study underscores the need to reconsider how linguistic norms should be defined, maintained, and taught in the digital age.

Keywords:

Norm; Usag; Kazakh Language; Linguistic Analysis; Youth Discourse; Digital Communication

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How to Cite

Ordabayeva, Z., Mazhitayeva, S., Khamzina, K., Smakova, T., & Kadyrov, Z. (2025). Norm and Usage in Contemporary Kazakh: A Linguistic Analysis of Youth Discourse and Digital Communication. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 7(11), 686–701. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i11.11287

Issue

Vol. 7 , Iss. 11 (November 2025): In progress

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Article

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Copyright © 2025 Zagira Ordabayeva, Shara Mazhitayeva, Karlygash Khamzina, Togzhan Smakova, Zhanbai Kadyrov

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This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.