Enhancing Indonesian Linguistic Competence through AI-Mediated Feedback: The Efficacy of Syntactic and Interactive Strategies

Authors

  • Murtono

    Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Safin Pati, Pati 59153, Indonesia
  • Sarwiji Suwandi

    Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
  • Fathur Rokhman

    Faculty of Language and Arts, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
  • Agus Dwianto

    Department of Education Accounting, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
  • Gehad Mohammed Sultan Saif

    Faculty of Administrative Sciences, University of Aden, Aden 00000, Yemen

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i12.12170
Received: 19 September 2025 | Revised: 21 October 2025 | Accepted: 29 October 2025 | Published Online: 15 December 2025

Abstract

This study employed a quantitative survey design to examine the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-mediated feedback on vocabulary, pragmatics, syntax, error awareness, and interactive online writing in the development of linguistic competence in Indonesian. Data were collected from high school and university students in Indonesia. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software, applying regression and moderation analyses. Results indicate that syntactic feedback, interactive writing feedback, and vocabulary support have the most positive effects on linguistic competence. Pragmatic feedback and error recognition are also beneficial, though to a lesser degree. The effect is strongly moderated by digital literacy, enabling AILDs with higher literacy levels to capitalise on AI feedback and improve their use of the target language. The research offers new perspectives by revealing that AI-mediated feedback functions differently across linguistic components and positioning digital literacy as a crucial facilitator of learning outcomes in an Indonesian context. The findings provide evidence for educators and policymakers to develop AI-informed curricula that consider not only technical feedback but also digital literacy and ethics. The results have implications for fair, equitable and human-centered adoption of AI in education policy and practice as well as recommendations that can be applied across languages and learner communities globally.

Keywords:

AI-Mediated Feedback; Digital Literacy; Linguistic Proficiency; Syntactic Correction; Interactive Writing

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Murtono, M., Suwandi, S., Rokhman, F., Dwianto, A., & Mohammed Sultan Saif, G. (2025). Enhancing Indonesian Linguistic Competence through AI-Mediated Feedback: The Efficacy of Syntactic and Interactive Strategies. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 7(12), 1887–1902. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i12.12170

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Vol. 7 , Iss. 12 (December 2025): In progress

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