-
2370
-
1278
-
1276
-
925
-
735
Emotional connection and ease of learning the Spanish language among young adult Chavacano speakers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18063/fls.v5i1.1595Abstract
Chavacano was the product of early Spanish colonization. It was able to adapt to the dynamic of the Philippine culture for centuries. Then, it later became a separate language spoken mostly in Cavite and Zamboanga Peninsula. This study was exploratory research that contextualize the ease of learning Spanish language based on linguistic, cultural, and emotional domains. Eight students who are native Chavacano speakers in Zamboanga City were interviewed for the study. The findings indicated that the close resemblance of lexical and phonological components of Chavacano to Spanish influenced the learning of the native speakers. Cognates played an essential role in cognition and interpreting basic words from Spanish to simpler ideas in Chavacano. Cognition guessing was determined to be a major contributor to language learning for orthographies. For native Chavacano speakers, cognition guessing was a mechanism for language learning in Spanish where learners happened to deduce the meaning of a word by comparing it to a language they know. Additionally, social-cultural relatedness between Chavacano and Spanish mediated the learning in certain manner. Learners were able to emotionally relate themselves to the culture of their target language which in turn influenced language transfer. Such mechanism was firstly observed in learning the second language but later also applied in bilingualism and foreign languages. This study established theoretical connection of ease of learning the Spanish language through phonology, lexical similarities, and its sociocultural resemblance to Chavacano.
Keywords:
Chavacano; culture; lexical similarities; phonology; Spanish language; sociolinguisticsReferences
Beck IL and McKeown MG (2007) Increasing young low-income children’s oral vocabulary repertoires through rich and focused instruction. The Elementary School Journal 107(3): 251–271. DOI: 10.1086/511706
Byram M (1990) Foreign language teaching and young people’s perceptions of other cultures. In: Harrison B (ed.) Culture and the Language Classroom. Manchester: Modern English Publications Ltd., pp.76–87.
Carlisle JF (2010) Effects of instruction in morphological awareness on literacy achievement: An integrative review. Reading Research Quarterly 45(4): 464–487. DOI: 10.1598/RRQ.45.4.5
Carlisle JF and Feldman LB (1995) Morphological awareness and early reading achievement. In: Feldman LB (ed.) Morphological Aspects of Language Processing. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., pp.189–209.
Chavez JV (2022) Narratives of bilingual parents on the real-life use of English language: Materials for English language teaching curriculum. Arab World English Journal 13(3): 325–338. DOI: 10.24093/awej/vol13no3.21
Chung SC, Chen X, and Geva E (2019) Deconstructing and reconstructing cross-language transfer in bilingual reading development: An interactive framework. Journal of Neurolinguistics 50: 149–161. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2018.01.003
D’Angiulli A, Siegel LS, and Serra E (2001) The development of reading in English and Italian in bilingual children. Applied Psycholinguistics 22(4): 479–507. DOI: 10.1017/S014271640 1004015
De Wilde V, Brysbaert M, and Eyckmans J (2020a) Learning English through out-of-school exposure. Which levels of language proficiency are attained and which types of input are important? Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23(1): 171–185. DOI: 10.1017/S1366728918001062
De Wilde V, Brysbaert M, and Eyckmans J (2020b) Learning English through out-of-school exposure: How do word-related variables and proficiency influence receptive vocabulary learning? Language Learning 70(2): 349–381. DOI: 10.1111/lang.12380
De Wilde V, Brysbaert M, and Eyckmans J (2022) Formal versus informal L2 learning: How do individual differences and word-related variables influence French and English L2 vocabulary learning in Dutch-speaking children? Studies in Second Language Acquisition 44(1): 87–111. DOI: 10.1017/S0272263121000097
Armour-Thomas E and Gopaul-McNicol SA (1998) Assessing Intelligence: Applying a Bio-cultural Model. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc.
Fairclough N (1989) Language and Power. London: Longman.
Fishman J (2001) Three hundred-plus years of heritage language education in the United States. In: Peyton JK, Ranard DA, and McGinnis S (eds.) Heritage Languages in America: Preserving a National Resource. Washington: Center for Applied Linguistics, pp.81–88.
Fleming MP (2006) Education for Intercultural Citizenship: Concepts and Comparisons. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Garrett-Hatfield L (2022) Theories in Language & Culture [online]. Available at: https://education.seattlepi.com/theories-language-culture-2429.html
Geva E and Wang M (2001) The development of basic reading skills in children: A cross-language perspective. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 21: 182–204. DOI: 10.1017/S0267190501000113
Gooskens C, van Heuven VJ, Golubović J, et al. (2018) Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages in Europe. International Journal of Multilingualism 15(2): 169–193. DOI: 10.1080/14790718.2017.1350185
Herawati A (2014) Teaching sociolinguistics: A medium for cultural awareness of Indonesian university foreign language learners. Humaniora 5(1): 192–196. DOI: 10.21512/HUMANIORA.V5I1.3008
Hernandez MR, Garay-Argandoña R, Alberto Núñez Lira L, et al. (2021) Investigating instructors’ and students’ attitudes towards the effectiveness of having target cultural knowledge on learning English as a foreign language. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language 9(3): 64–72.
Himoro MY and Pareja-Lora A (2022) Zamboanga Chavacano: A survey on written practices, reactions and impact of its (standardised) orthography. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 91: 245–277. DOI: 10.5209/clac.71831
Hipfner-Boucher K, Pasquarella A, Chen X, and Deacon SH (2016) Cognate awareness in French immersion students: Contributions to grade 2 reading comprehension. Scientific Studies of Reading 20(5): 389–400. DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2016.1213265
Ho STK (2009) Addressing culture in EFL classroom: The challenge of shifting from a traditional to an intercultural stance. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 6(1): 63–76.
Kelleher A (2010) Heritage Briefs—Who Is a Heritage Language Learner? [online]. Available at: https://www.cal.org/heritage/pdfs/Who-is-a-Heritage-Language-Learner.pdf
Kim D (2020) Learning language, learning culture: Teaching language to the whole student. ECNU Review of Education 3(3): 519–541.
Kremin LV, Arredondo MM, Hsu LSJ, et al. (2016) The effects of Spanish heritage language literacy on English reading for Spanish-English bilingual children in the US. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 22(2): 192–206. DOI: 10.1080/13670050.2016.1239692
Kuo L, Ramirez G, de Marin S, et al. (2017) Bilingualism and morphological awareness: A study with children from general education and Spanish-English dual language programs. Educational Psychology 37(2): 94–111. DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2015.1049586
Kuo M and Lai CC (2006) Linguistics across cultures: The impact of culture on second language learning. Online Submission 1(1).
Kuppens AH (2010) Incidental foreign language acquisition from media exposure. Learning, Media and Technology 35(1): 65–85. DOI: 10.1080/17439880903561876
Lindgren E and Muñoz C (2013) The influence of exposure, parents, and linguistic distance on young European learners’ foreign language comprehension. International Journal of Multilingualism 10(1): 105–129. DOI: 10.1080/14790718.2012.679275
Luo YC, Chen X, and Geva E (2014) Concurrent and longitudinal cross-linguistic transfer of phonological awareness and morphological awareness in Chinese-English bilingual children. Written Language & Literacy 17(1): 89–115. DOI: 10.1075/wll.17.1.05luo
MacSwan J (2017) A multilingual perspective on translanguaging. American Educational Research Journal 54(1): 167–201.
Magno JM and Maxilom RM (2016) Japanese learners’ reading strategies and oral interlanguages. International Journal of Education, Culture and Society 1(3): 86–94. DOI: 10.11648/j.ijecs.20160103.15
Marks RA, Eggleston RL, Sun X, et al. (2022) The neurocognitive basis of morphological processing in typical and impaired readers. Annals of Dyslexia 72(2): 361–383. DOI: 10.1007/s11881-021-00239-9
Marulis LM and Neuman SB (2013) How vocabulary interventions affect young children at risk: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness 6(3): 223–262. DOI: 10.1080/19345747.2012.755591
Mashudi M, Nurmansyah A, Saenko NR, et al. (2022) The impact of English cultural awareness on Indonesian advanced EFL learners’ grammar knowledge. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language 10(1): 99–108. DOI: 10.22034/ijscl.2021.246709
McBride-Chang C, Cho JR, Liu H, et al. (2005) Changing models across cultures: Associations of phonological awareness and morphological structure awareness with vocabulary and word recognition in second graders from Beijing, Hong Kong, Korea, and the United States. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 92(2): 140–160. DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2005.03.009
McCandliss B, Beck IL, Sandak R, and Perfetti C (2003) Focusing attention on decoding for children with poor reading skills: Design and preliminary tests of the word building intervention. Scientific Studies of Reading 7(1): 75–104. DOI: 10.1207/S1532799XSSR0701_05
Melby-Lervåg M and Lervåg A (2011) Cross-linguistic transfer of oral language, decoding, phonological awareness and reading comprehension: A meta-analysis of the correlational evidence. Journal of Research in Reading 34(1): 114–135. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9817.2010.01477.x
Muñoz C, Cadierno T, and Casas I (2018) Different starting points for English language learning: A comparative study of Danish and Spanish young learners. Language Learning 68(4): 1076–1109. DOI: 10.1111/lang.12309
Parkvall M and Jacobs B (2018) The genesis of Chavacano revisited and solved. Lingua 215: 53–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2018.09.006
Pasquarella A, Chen X, Lam K, et al. (2011) Cross-language transfer of morphological awareness in Chinese-English bilinguals. Journal of Research in Reading 34(1): 23–42. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9817.2010.01484.x
Pavia N, Webb S, and Faez F (2019) Incidental vocabulary learning through listening to songs. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 41(4): 745–768. DOI: 10.1017/S0272263119000020
Perfetti CA and Hart L (2002) The lexical quality hypothesis. In: Verhoeven LT, Elbro C, and Reitsma P (eds.) Precursors of Functional Literacy. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp.67–86.
Perfetti C and Stafura J (2014) Word knowledge in a theory of reading comprehension. Scientific Studies of Reading 18(1): 22–37. DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2013.827687
Peters E and Webb S (2018) Incidental vocabulary acquisition through viewing L2 television and factors that affect learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 40(3): 551–577. DOI: 10.1017/S0272263117000407
Puimège E and Peters E (2019) Learners’ English vocabulary knowledge prior to formal instruction: The role of learner-related and word-related variables. Language Learning 69(4): 943–977. DOI: 10.1111/lang.12364
Rao Z (2002) Chinese students’ perceptions of communicative and non-communicative activities in EFL classroom. System 30(1): 85–105. DOI: 10.1016/S0346-251X(01)00050-1
Shirzadi D (2015) The effects of cultural knowledge on Iranian EFL students’ reading comprehension across male and female learners. Journal of Languages and Culture 6(4): 24–29. DOI: 10.5897/JLC2014/0271
Sun-Alperin MK and Wang M (2011) Cross-language transfer of phonological and orthographic processing skills from Spanish L1 to English L2. Reading and Writing 24: 591–614. DOI: 10.1007/s11145-009-9221-7
Sun X, Zhang K, Marks RA, et al. (2022) What’s in a word? Cross-linguistic influences on Spanish-English and Chinese-English bilingual children’s word reading development. Child Development 93(1): 84–100. DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13666
Sylvén LK and Sundqvist P (2012) Gaming as extramural English L2 learning and L2 proficiency among young learners. ReCALL 24(3): 302–321. DOI: 10.1017/S095834401200016X
Vadasy PF, Sanders EA, and Abbott RD (2008) Effects of supplemental early reading intervention at 2-year follow up: Reading skill growth patterns and predictors. Scientific Studies of Reading 12(1): 51–89. DOI: 10.1080/10888430701746906
Valdes JM (1986) Culture Bound: Bridging the Culture Gap in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Van der Slik FWP (2010) Acquisition of Dutch as a second language: The explanative power of cognate and genetic linguistic distance measures for 11 west European first languages. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 32(3): 401–432. DOI: 10.1017/S0272263110000021
Vanhove J and Berthele R (2015) The lifespan development of cognate guessing skills in an unknown related language. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 53(1): 1–38. DOI: 10.1515/iral-2015-0001
Vidal K (2011) A comparison of the effects of reading and listening on incidental vocabulary acquisition. Language Learning 61(1): 219–258. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00593.x
Vijayamohan P (2023) Purposive sampling 101: Definition, types, and examples. In: SurveySparrow. Available at: https://surveysparrow.com/blog/purposive-sampling/
Vygotsky LS (2012) Thought and Language. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Wagner RK, Torgesen JK, and Rashotte CA (1994) Development of reading-related phonological processing abilities: New evidence of bidirectional causality from a latent variable longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology 30(1): 73–87. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.30.1.73
Webb S (2015) Extensive viewing: Language learning through watching television. In: Nunan D and Richard JC (eds.) Language Learning beyond the Classroom. New York: Routledge, pp.159–168.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Article Type
License
Copyright © 2023 Carlo T. Nabo, Rodney I. Ebrole
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.