-
2370
-
1278
-
1276
-
925
-
735
A Periphrastic Glance at Pre-Service and Basic Education ESL Teachers' Attitude toward PhilE and AmE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i3.6563Abstract
Studies on attitudes toward Philippine English and American English have been done; however, the attitudes were examined through direct methods like interviews, survey questionnaires, and acceptability tests for the new vocabularies. The present study employs indirect means, such as the Matched-Guised Technique (MGT), to determine the attitude of pre-service and high school ESL teachers toward spoken PhilE and AmE. It utilizes well acknowledged views on attitude in determining the subjects' attitudes toward the speakers. Analysis shows that the judges have positive attitudes toward the PhilE and AmE. The findings differ from the results of previous studies that utilized direct methods of determining attitudes, which revealed the subjects' ambivalent attitude towards PhilE because of their preference for AmE. The paper recommends more seminars on World Englishes (WE) and PhilE in areas where English speakers are not yet open to such language phenomena. It supports earlier scholars' recommendations of inclusion or integration of WE and PhilE in ESL and EFL classrooms and promotion of the Englishes spoken across the globe with respect.
Keywords:
World Englishes; Philippine English; Language attitudes; Matched-guise technique; English language educationReferences
Albarracin, D., Shavitt, S., 2018. Attitudes and attitude change. Annual Review of Psychology. 69, 299–327. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011911
Alieto, E., Rillo, R.M., 2018. Language attitudes of English language teachers (ELTS) towards Philippine English. 84–110.
Attitude towards Philippine English: A Case of BSU English Teachers. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/27832207/Attitude_towards_Philippine_English_A_Case_of_BSU_English_Teachers
Baker, C., 1992. Attitudes and language. Multilingual Matters: Clevedon.
Bautista, 2001. World Englishes, Philippine English, and English language education in the Philippines. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346939352_
Bautista, M.L.S., 1997. The lexicon of Philippine English. English Asian language: The Philippine context. The Macquarie Library Pty., Ltd.: NSW, Australia. pp. 49–72.
Bernardo, A., 2017. Philippine English in the ESL classroom: A much closer look. Philippine ESL Journal.
Bernardo, A.S., Madrunio, M.R., 2015. A framework for designing a Philippine-English-based pedagogic model for teaching English grammar. Asian Journal of English Language Studies (AJELS).
Bolton, K., Bautista, M.L.S., 2009. Philippine English: Linguistic and literary perspectives. Anvil: Manila.
Bolton, K., Butler, S., 2009. Lexicography and the description of Philippine English Vocabulary. Philippine English: Linguistic and literary perspectives. Hong Kong University Press: Hong Kong. pp. 174–200.
Borlongan, A.M., 2009. A survey on language use, attitudes, and identity in relation to Philippine English among young generation Filipinos: An initial sample from a private university. Philippine ESL Journal. 3, 74–107.
Borlongan, A.M., 2011. Editorial commentary: The preparation and writing of the grammar of the verb in Philippine English and the teaching of the English verb system in Philippine schools. Philippine ESL Journal. 7(2), 120–123.
Borlongan A.M., 2024. Grammatical Change in Philippine English over Time. Available online: https://www.manilatimes.net/2024/03/10/opinion/columns/grammatical-change-in-philippine-english-over-time/1936099
Butler, S. 1999. The needs of dictionary users in South-East Asia. In: M. Newbrook (Ed), English is an Asian language: The Thai Context. New South Wales: The Macquarie Library. pp. 80-94.
Falomir, L.P, 2015. Multilingualism and very young learners: An analysis of pragmatic awareness and language attitudes. De Gruyter Mouton: Berlin, München, Boston. pp. 77–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501500022-007
Chen, H., Cao, C., 2013. Matched-guised experiment and its application to measure Uygur Trilinguals’ language attitudes. Atlantis Press: Amsterdam.
Cole M.C., 2008. Philippine Folk Tales. Available online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12814/12814-h/12814-h.htm#d0e4072
Criterion Sampling (n.d.). Available online: https://www.betterevaluation.org/methods-approaches/methods/criterion-sampling
Criterion Sampling, 2024. Available online: https://teflpedia.com/Criterion_sampling#:~:text=Criterion%20sampling%20is%20a%20purposive,relevant%20to%20the%20research%20objectives
Dela Cruz, Y., 2022. On the status of English in the Philippines. UP Working Papers in Linguistics. 1(1).
Dimaculangan, N., 2018. Another look into Philippine English: Towards users’ awareness and celebration. International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications. 2(8), 17–22.
Dimaculangan, N.G., 2022. Speakers’ ambivalent attitude toward Philippine English: An issue for integrating the variety into ESL instruction. Journal of World Englishes and Educational Practices. 4(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.32996/jweep.2022.4.2.8
Dimaculangan, N.G., Pasion, M.C., 2017. Would be teachers’ attitude towards the Philippines’ official languages. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research. 5(4), 712–720.
Dimangadap-Malang, R., Pantao, A.G., 2021. Attitude towards Philippine English: A case of Al-kwarizmi international school english teachers. Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences. 3(4), 57–72.
Dita, S.N., De Leon, K.D., 2017. The intelligibility and comprehensibility of Philippine English to EFL speakers. Philippine ESL Journal. 19(2), 100–118.
Dragojevic, M., 2016. Language attitudes. The Oxford encyclopedia of intergroup communication (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press: Oxford. pp. 263–278.
Dragojevic, M., Fasoli, F., Cramer, J., et al., 2021. Toward a century of language attitudes research: Looking back and moving forward. Journal of Language and Social Psychology. 40(1), 60–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X20966714
Esquivel, O.J.D., 2019. Exploring the Filipinization of the English Language in a Digital Age: An Identity Apart from Other World Englishes. Journal of English as an International Language, 14(1), 58-72.
Fitriati, A., Wardani, M.M.S., 2020. Language attitudes and language choice among students in Yogyakarta: A case study at Universitas Sanata Dharma. International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS). 3(2), 239–250.
Gaies, S., Beebe, Jacqueline, D., 1991. The Matched-Guise Technique for Measuring Attitudes and Their Implications for Language Education: A Critical Assessment. Available online: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED367168.pdf
Galloway, N., Rose, H., 2015. Introducing global Englishes. Routledge: London.
Gonzales, A., 2005. The history of English in the Philippines. English is an Asian language: The Philippine context. The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd.: NSW, Australia. pp. 25–40.
Gonzales, W.D.W., 2017. Philippine Englishes. Asian Englishes. 19(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2016.1274574
Gonzalez, A., 2004. The social dimensions of Philippine English. World Englishes. 23(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2004.00331.x
Gustilo, L., Dimaculangan, N., 2018. Attitudes of Filipino English teachers toward 21st century Philippine English writing. Advanced Science Letters. 24(11), 8349–8352. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12560
Gustilo, L., Vergel, M.I., Valle, A., 2020. Digital Writing and English Teachers’ Attitudes towards its Non-standard Conventions. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/43625601/Digital_Writing_and_English_TeachersAttitudes_towards_its_Non_standard_Conventions
Gustilo, L., Vergel, M.I., Valle, A., 2020. Digital writing and english teachers’ attitudes towards its non-standard conventions. Asian EFL Journal. 24(4), 101–129.
Gustilo, L.E., 2002. A contrastive analysis of American English and Philippine English news leads. Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 33(2), 53–66.
Hernandez, H.P., 2020. Filipino graduate students’ attitudes toward teaching educated Philippine English: A sample from a premier teacher education institution. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review. 20(1), 31–42.
Jain, V., 2014. 3D model of attitude. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences. 3(3), 1–12.
Jenkins, J., 2009. Exploring attitudes towards English as a lingua franca in the East Asian context. Global Englishes in Asian contexts: Current and future debates. Palgrave Macmillan UK: London. pp. 40–56.
Kachru, B.B., 1985. Standards, codification, and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the outer circle. English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. pp. 11–30.
Kachru, B.B., 1992. The other tongue: English across cultures. University of Illinois Press: Champaign.
Kachru, B.B., 2005. Asian Englishes: Beyond the canon. Hong Kong University Press: Hong Kong.
Melander, L., 2003. Language Attitudes: Evaluational Reactions to Spoken Language. Available online: https://typeset.io/pdf/language-attitudes-evaluational-reactions-to-spoken-language-4ygtjlr185.pdf
Li, C., Wei, L., 2022. Language attitudes: Construct, measurement, and associations with language achievements. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2137516
Martin, I.P., 2010. Periphery ELT: The politics and practice of teaching English in the Philippines. The Routledge handbook of world Englishes. Routledge: London.
McKenzie, R., 2010. The study of language attitudes. Springer: New York.
Mcleod, S., 2023. Components of Attitude: ABC Model. Available online: https://www.simplypsychology.org/attitudes.html
Molina, 2009. Definitions and Critical Literature Review of Language Attitude, Language Choice and Language Shift: Samples of Language Attitude Surveys. Available online: https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2022/3785/Definitions-Critical-Review-of-Topics-in-Sociolinguistics.pdf?sequence=1
Monfared, A., Khatib, M., 2018. English or Englishes?: Outer and expanding circle teachers’ awareness of and attitudes towards their own variants of English in ESL/EFL teaching contexts. Australian Journal of Teacher Education (Online). 43(2), 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2018v43n2.4
Murata, K., Jenkins, J., 2009. Introduction: Global Englishes from global perspectives. Global Englishes in Asian contexts. Palgrave Macmillan: London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230239531_1
Nordquist, R., 2023. New Englishes: Adapting the Language to Meet New Needs. Available online: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-are-new-englishes-1691343
Nur, T., Lukman, Kaharuddin, et al., 2021. Language attitudes of Betawi teenagers toward their mother tongue: A sociolinguistic perspective. TESOL International Journal. 16(1).
Obiols, M.S., 2002. The Matched Guise Technique: A Critical Approximation to a Classic Test for Formal Measurement of Language Attitudes. Available online: https://www.gencat.cat/llengua/noves/noves/hm02estiu/metodologia/a_solis.pdf
Orikasa, M., 2017. Effectiveness of implementing world Englishes in English language curricula. Journal of English as an International Language. 12(2), 73–88.
PAZ, R.M., 2022. Mental models on Philippine English in online spaces: Challenges and opportunities. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature. 28(2).
Pefianco Martin, I., 2014. Philippine English revisited. World Englishes. 33(1), 50–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12054
Perloff, R.M., 2017. The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the 21st Century. Available online: https://wartafeminis.files.wordpress.com/2020/07/routledge-communication-series-richard-m.-perloff-the-dynamics-of-persuasion_-communication-and-attitudes-in-the-21st-century-routledge-2017.pdf
Philippine English (n.d.). Available online: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/philippine-english
Ploder, A., Eder, A., 2015. Semantic differential, international encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (second edition). Elsevier: Amsterdam. pp. 563–571.
Policarpio, P.H., 2023. Several bases for integration of Philippine English into the English curriculum of the Philippines. Asian Englishes. 25(3), 499–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2021.1873031
Preston, D.R., 2013. Language with an Attitude. Available online: https://www.blackwellpublishing.com/content/bpl_images/Content_Store/WWW_Content/9780631218036/05Chap02.pdf
Quinto, J.B., 2024. Pinoylish: The awareness and notions of university students in Northern Luzon. TEFLIN Journal. 35(1), 107–122.
Rentillo, P., 2022. Attitudes. Philippine English. Routledge: London. pp. 231–241.
Rosenberg, B.D., Navarro, M.A., 2018. Semantic differential scaling. The SAGE encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation. SAGE Publications: Thousand Oaks. pp. 1504–1507.
Salazar, D., 2017. Philippine English in the Oxford English Dictionary: Recent advancements and implications for ESL in the Philippines. Philippine ESL Journal. 19, 45–59.
Somblingo, R.A., Alieto, E.O., 2019. English language attitude among prospective Filipino teachers: An analysis through the Mentalist theoretical lens. The Asian ESP Journal. 15(2), 23–41.
Stefanowitsch, A., 2005. The Matched Guise Technique. Available online: http://socialperspectives.pbworks.com/f/exp_matchedguise.pdf
Sy-Tamco, A.B.R., 2022. Philippine English in the ESL classroom: A study of English teachers’ beliefs and pedagogical practices in higher education. Globus Journal of Progressive Education. 12(1), 152–170.
Tayao, M.L.G., 2008. Philippine English: Phonology. 4 Africa, South and Southeast Asia. De Gruyter Mouton: Berlin, New York. pp. 292–306. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110208429.1.292
Tonio, J.Z., Zuñiga-Tonio, J., 2019. Intelligibility of Philippine English to young international students. Asian EFL Journal. 25(5).
Torres, J.M., Alieto, E.O., 2019. Acceptability of Philippine English grammatical and lexical items among pre-service teachers. Online Submission. 21, 158–181.
Tupas, R., 2006. Standard Englishes: Pedagogical Paradigms and Their Conditions of (Im)Possibility. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/1149953/Standard_Englishes_pedagogical_paradigms_and_their_conditions_of_im_possibility
Tupas, T.R.F., 2004. The politics of Philippine English: Neocolonialism, global politics, and the problem of postcolonialism. World Englishes. 23(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2004.00334.x
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Article Type
License
Copyright © 2024 Nimfa G. Dimaculangan, Michelle B. Sarmiento, Ma. Cezanne D. Dimaculangan
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.