Intrasectional Variations of Phrase-Frames in Experimental Aerospace Engineering Research Articles

Authors

  • Xiaofang Zhang

    School of Foreign Languages, Institute of Social Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand

  • Issra Pramoolsook

    School of Foreign Languages, Institute of Social Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i7.8930
Received: 3 March 2025 | Revised: 21 March 2025 | Accepted: 21 April 2025 | Published Online: 3 July 2025

Abstract

Despite the growing interest in phrase-frames (p-frames) in research articles (RAs), no study has compared p-frames across sections in RAs. This gap motivated us to explore intrasectional variations of p-frames in aerospace engineering (AE) RAs using a corpus-driven approach.  A corpus of 40 AE RAs was compiled and divided into four sections. Five-word p-frames meeting predefined criteria were extracted and manually filtered. Each of the four subcorpora was then searched for the instances of the identified p-frames, which were analyzed in terms of their structure and function. The results revealed notable variations in the structures and functions of p-frames across sections. Structurally, the Introduction, Methods, and Conclusion sections were dominated by other-content-word p-frames (types and tokens), while the Results and Discussion section preferred verb-based p-frames (tokens). Functionally, the Introduction, Methods, and Conclusion sections predominantly featured research-oriented p-frames (types and tokens), while the Results and Discussion section was dominated by text-oriented p-frames (tokens). For functional subcategories, resultative p-frames were preferred by the Introduction, Results and Discussion, and Conclusion sections, while procedure and quantification p-frames were more frequent in the Methods section, regardless of types and tokens. The results also showed a strong connection between p-frame structures, their functions, and the communicative purposes of the sections. We hope this study will contribute to EAP writing pedagogy in the AE discipline.

Keywords:

Intrasectional Variations; P-frames; Aerospace Engineering; Experimental Research Articles

References

[1] Biber, D., 2004. If you look at ...: Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics. 25(3), 371–405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/25.3.371

[2] Casal, J.E., Yoon, J., 2023. Frame-based formulaic features in L2 writing pedagogy: Variants, functions, and student writer perceptions in academic writing. English for Specific Purposes. 71, 102–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2023.03.004

[3] Hyland, K., 2008. As can be seen: Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation. English for Specific Purposes. 27(1), 4–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2007.06.001

[4] Liu, C., Pan, F., 2024. Exploring intrasectional variations of lexical bundles in medical research articles. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies. 42(2), 261–275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2023.2243311

[5] Lu, C., Coxhead, A., 2025. Specialized multiword units in traditional Chinese medicine. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 73, 101467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2024.101467

[6] Casal, J.E., Kessler, M., 2020. Form and rhetorical function of phrase-frames in promotional writing: A corpus- and genre-based analysis. System. 95, 102370. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102370

[7] Appel, R., Geluso, J., Feng, H.-H., 2024. An examination of phrase-frames in L2 english academic writing: Exploring relationships with writing quality. System. 123, 103349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103349

[8] Cunningham, K.J., 2017. A phraseological exploration of recent mathematics research articles through key phrase frames. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 25, 71–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2016.11.005

[9] He, M., Ang, L.H., Tan, K.H., 2021. A corpus-driven analysis of phrase frames in research articles on business management. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies. 39(2), 139–151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2021.1920438

[10] Lu, X., Yoon, J., Kisselev, O., 2018. A phrase-frame list for social science research article introductions. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 36, 76–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2018.09.004

[11] Lu, X., Yoon, J., Kisselev, O., 2021. Matching phrase-frames to rhetorical moves in social science research article introductions. English for Specific Purposes. 61, 63–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2020.10.001

[12] Golparvar, S.E., Barabadi, E., 2020. Key phrase frames in the discussion section of research articles of higher education. Lingua. 236, 102804. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102804

[13] Shahriari, H., 2017. Comparing lexical bundles across the introduction, method and results sections of the research article. Corpora. 12(1), 1–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/cor.2017.0107

[14] Gray, B., Biber, D., 2013. Lexical frames in academic prose and conversation. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 18(1), 109–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.18.1.08gra

[15] Ren, J., 2022. A comparative study of the phrase frames used in the essays of native and nonnative English students. Lingua. 274, 103376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2022.103376

[16] Yoon, J., Casal, J.E., 2020. Rhetorical structure, sequence, and variation: A step‐driven move analysis of applied linguistics conference abstracts. International Journal of Applied Linguistics. 30(3), 462–478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12300

[17] Liu, C.-Y., Chen, H.-J.H., 2022. A phraseological exploration of university lectures through phrase frames. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 58, 101135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2022.101135

[18] Simpson-Vlach, R., Ellis, N.C., 2010. An Academic Formulas List: New Methods in Phraseology Research. Applied Linguistics. 31(4), 487–512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amp058

[19] Biber, D., 2009. A corpus-driven approach to formulaic language in English: Multi-word patterns in speech and writing. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 14(3), 275–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.14.3.08bib

[20] Ye, Y., 2019. Macrostructures and rhetorical moves in energy engineering research articles written by Chinese expert writers. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 38, 48–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2019.01.007

[21] Gray, B., 2015. Linguistic Variation in Research Articles: When discipline tells only part of the story. John Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

[22] Fletcher, W.H., 2002. KfNgram. USNA: Annapolis, MD, USA.

[23] Anthony, L., 2023. AntConc. Version 4.2.3. Available from: http://www.laurenceanthony.net/software (cited 2nd March 2025).

[24] Lu, X., Deng, J., 2019. With the rapid development: A contrastive analysis of lexical bundles in dissertation abstracts by Chinese and L1 English doctoral students. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 39, 21–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2019.03.008

[25] Liu, L., Jiang, F.(K.), Du, Z., 2023. Figure legends of scientific research articles: Rhetorical moves and phrase frames. English for Specific Purposes. 70, 86–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2022.11.005

[26] Nekrasova-Beker, T., Becker, A., 2020. The use of lexical patterns in engineering: A corpus-based investigation of five sub-disciplines. In: Römer, U., Cortes, V., Friginal, E. (eds.). Advances in corpus-based research on academic writing: effects of discipline, register, and writer expertise. John Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pp. 227–255.

[27] Pan, F., Reppen, R., Biber, D., 2016. Comparing patterns of L1 versus L2 English academic professionals: Lexical bundles in Telecommunications research journals. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 21, 60–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2015.11.003

[28] Salazar, D., 2014. Lexical Bundles in Native and Non-native Scientific Writing: Applying a corpus-based study to language teaching. John Benjamins Publishing Company: Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

[29] Hyland, K., 2008. Genre and academic writing in the disciplines. Language Teaching. 41(4), 543–562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444808005235

[30] Hyland, K., Jiang, F.(K.)., 2018. Academic lexical bundles: How are they changing? International Journal of Corpus Linguistics. 23(4), 383–407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17080.hyl

[31] Brunton, S.L., Nathan Kutz, J., Manohar, K., et al., 2021. Data-Driven Aerospace Engineering: Reframing the Industry with Machine Learning. AIAA Journal. 1–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2514/1.J060131

[32] Larsson, T., Reppen, R., Dixon, T., 2022. A phraseological study of highlighting strategies in novice and expert writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 60, 101179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2022.101179

[33] Zhou, H., Li, T., 2024. “In the present study”: An exploration of prepositional phrase-frames in Chinese EFL learners' theses and dissertations of applied linguistics. Journal of English for Academic Purposes. 70, 101400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2024.101400

Downloads

How to Cite

Zhang, X., & Pramoolsook, I. (2025). Intrasectional Variations of Phrase-Frames in Experimental Aerospace Engineering Research Articles. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 7(7), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i7.8930