A Corpus-Based Analysis: Kazakh-Russian Grammatical Transformations in Akhmet Baitursynuly’s Translations

Authors

  • Gulnur Baishukurova

    Department of Russian Language and Literature, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dostyk аve., 13, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
  • Akerke Irgebayeva

    Department of Russian Language and Literature, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dostyk аve., 13, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
  • Nurlykhan Aitova

    Department of Kazakh Linguistics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazhymukan Street, 11, Astana 010000, Kazhymukan
  • Ainur Bayekeyeva

    School of Liberal Arts, Maqsut Narikbayev University, Korgalzhyn Highway, 8, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
  • Gulnar Abdrahman

    Department of Russian Language and Literature, Taraz University Named after M.Kh. Dulaty, Suleimenov Street, 7, Taraz 080012, Kazakhstan
  • Moldir Bakytkyzy

    Department of Kazakh Linguistics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazhymukan Street, 11, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i1.7993
Received: 6 November 2024 | Revised: 29 December 2024 | Accepted: 31 December 2024 | Published Online: 9 January 2025

Abstract

This paper examines grammatical transformations (translation techniques), in rendering the works of Akhmet Baitursynuly into Russian, using a corpus-based approach. The primary analysis is based on the Kazakh-Russian parallel corpus of Baitursynuly’s texts, created by the authors. This corpus serves as a foundational tool for identifying linguistic patterns, translation techniques, and stylistic nuances across the languages. The study focuses on selected texts by Baitursynuly in both Kazakh and Russian. Focusing on selected original texts and their translations, the identified key grammatical transformations include syntactic assimilation, sentence splitting and merging, and grammatical substitutions. These transformations are analyzed to uncover their role in adapting linguistic structures and preserving the stylistic essence of the source material. The study highlights the utility of parallel corpora in translation studies, demonstrating their effectiveness in analyzing linguistic and stylistic nuances. A frequency analysis of specific translation challenges, such as the causative conjunctions sebebі and üjtkenі (both meaning because) in Kazakh, reveals variations in their Russian equivalents influenced by linguistic constraints and Baitursynuly’s stylistic preferences. Corpus-based research methods enable sampling, comparative and contrastive text analysis, and detailed examination of grammatical transformations. The parallel corpus facilitates the alignment of source and target texts, offering quantitative and qualitative insights into the translation process. This approach also provides an empirical framework for examining recurring translation patterns and assessing the influence of language typology on grammatical adaptation. The study utilized exhaustive sampling of linguistic material from original texts and translations, comparative and contrastive text analysis, analysis of grammatical transformations, and text alignment.

Keywords:

Corpus Linguistics; Parallel Corpus; Corpus Analysis; Translation Analysis; Bilingual Translation; Grammatical Transformations; A. Baitursynuly

References

[1] Dobrovolsky, D.O., 2015. Parallel Text Corpora. Available from: https://postnauka.ru/video/54851 (cited 5 December 2024).

[2] Zakharov, V.P., Bogdanova, S.Y., 2020. Corpus Linguistics. Nauka: St. Petersburg, Russia.

[3] Khairova, N., Kolesnik, A., Mamyrbaev, O., et al., 2020. “Aligned Kazakh-Russian Parallel Corpus Focused on Criminal Topics.” Bulletin of Almaty University of Energy and Communication. 1(48), 84–92.

[4] Kaldybekov, T.E., 2014. English-Kazakh Parallel Corpus for Statistical Machine Translation. Young Scientist. 6(65), 92–95.

[5] Baishukurova, G.J., Irgebayeva, A.B., Aitova, N., 2024. Concordance of A. Baitursynov: Kazakh-Russian Parallel Corpus. Almaty, Kazakhstan: Baitursynuly Institute. Available from: http://baitursynuly-corp.kz

[6] Aitova, N., Baishukurova, G., Irgebayeva, A., 2024. Corpus-based study of the works of A. Baitursynuly (based on the collections “Kyryk mysal" (“Forty examples") and “Masa" (“Mosquito"). Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Philology Series. 3(115), 14–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31489/2024ph3/14-23

[7] Ashimbaeva, N.M., Bisengali, A.Z., Kulmanov, S.K., et al., 2023. “Parallel Subcorpus of Kazakh and Russian Languages: Development, Functioning, and Problems.” Tiltanym. 2, 49–61.

[8] Agabekova, Z., Amirbekova, A., Kalybekova, K., et al., 2024. Activation of «COVID» Words in the Kazakh Language: Statistical Analysis. Forum for Linguistic Studies. 6(4), 194–202.

[9] Abisheva, V., Mazhitayeva, S., Khairova, G., et al., 2017. Phenomenon of tolerance in the information society. European Journal of Science and Theology. 13(4), 111–121.

[10] Mohammed, T.A.S., 2022. The Use of Corpora in Translation Into the Second Language: A Project-Based Approach. Frontiers in Education. 7, 849056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.849056.

[11] Lapshinova-Koltunski, E., Popović, M., Koponen, M., 2022. DiHuTra: a Parallel Corpus to Analyse Differences between Human Translations. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference; Marseille, France, 20–25 June 2022; pp. 1751–1760. Available from: https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.186/

[12] Barkhudarov, L.S., 1984. Some Problems of Translating English Poetry into Russian. Translator's Notebook. 21, 38–48.

[13] Vinay, J.P., Darbelnet, J., 1958. A Methodology for Translation. John Benjamins Publishing: Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

[14] Barkhudarov, L.S., 1975. Language and Translation: Questions of General and Private Theory of Translation. Nauka: Moscow, Russia.

[15] Minyar-Beloruchev, R.K., 1980. General Theory of Translation and Interpretation. Nauka: Moscow, Russia.

[16] Gak, V.G., 1988. Typology of Contextual Language Transformations in Translation. In Text and Translation. Nauka: Moscow, Russia. pp. 63–75.

[17] Venuti, L., 1995. The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation. Routledge: London, UK.

[18] Toury, G., 1995. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. John Benjamins Publishing: Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

[19] Simon, S., 1996. Gender in Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission. Routledge: London, UK.

[20] Hatim, B., Mason, I., 1997. The Translator as Communicator. Routledge: London, UK.

[21] Kress, G., van Leeuwen, T., 2006. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. Routledge: London, UK.

[22] Bassnett, S., Lefevere, A., 1998. Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation. Multilingual Matters: Bristol, UK.

[23] Komissarov, V.N., 2001. Modern Translation Studies. ETS: Moscow, Russia.

[24] Aldasheva, A., 1998. Translation Studies: Linguistic and Linguocultural Problems. Arys: Almaty, Kazakhstan.

[25] Zhakupov, Z.A., 2004. Annotation of Translation Studies. Arys: Almaty, Kazakhstan.

[26] Aitbayuly, U., 2005. Actual Problems of Kazakh Terminology and Translation. Arys: Almaty, Kazakhstan.

[27] Zhubanov, A.K., 2006. Applied Linguistics: Formal Models. Arys: Almaty, Kazakhstan.

[28] Saldanha, G., O'Brien, S., 2013. Research Methodologies in Translation Studies. Routledge: London, UK.

[29] Baker, M., 2018. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation, 3rd ed. Routledge: London, UK.

[30] Snell-Hornby, M., 1995. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. John Benjamins Publishing: Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

[31] Bayekeyeva A., Seitkhadyrova A., Koigeldiyeva A., 2023. Product-based research in translation studies: approaches and methodologies. In X International Scientific and Practical Conference Proceedings. Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages: Almaty, Kazakhstan. Volume I. pp. 291–296.

[32] Baitursynuly, A., 2022. Selected Works. Qazaqstan: Astana, Kazakhstan. (In Kazakh)

[33] Baitursynuly, A., 2022. Selected Works. Qazaqstan: Astana, Kazakhstan. (In Russian)

[34] Baltabayeva, A., Bakenova, A., Amirbekova, A., et al., 2024. Semantic Features of the Word Qonyr (Brown): Conceptual Analysis of Two Separate Works. Theory & Practice in Language Studies (TPLS). 14(11), 3347–3354.

[35] Timko, N.V., 2022. Private Theory of Translation: Lexical, Grammatical, and Stylistic Transformations. Nauka: Moscow, Russia.

Downloads

How to Cite

Baishukurova, G., Irgebayeva, A., Aitova, N., Bayekeyeva, A., Abdrahman, G., & Bakytkyzy, M. (2025). A Corpus-Based Analysis: Kazakh-Russian Grammatical Transformations in Akhmet Baitursynuly’s Translations. Forum for Linguistic Studies, 7(1), 753–766. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v7i1.7993

Issue

Vol. 7 , Iss. 1 (January 2025)

Article Type

Article

License

Copyright © 2025 Gulnur Baishukurova, Akerke Irgebayeva, Nurlykhan Aitova, Ainur Bayekeyeva, Gulnar Abdrahman, Moldir Bakytkyzy

Creative Commons License

This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.