Zeinab Najafi
Department of Environmental Geology and Hydrogeology, Earth Sciences Faculty, Shahrood University of Technology,
Semnan, Iran
Gholam Hossein Karami
Department of Geology, Earth Sciences Faculty, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Estimating and studying groundwater recharge is necessary and important for the management of water resources. The main aim of this work is to estimate the value of the annual recharge in some parts of the Kermanshah and Kurdistan province located in the west of Iran. There are many approaches available for estimation of the recharge, but RS (remote sensing) and GIS (geographic information system) have provided and combined a lot of effective spatial and temporal data of large areas within a short time. For this purpose, nine information layers including the slope, aspect of slope, lithology, lineament density, drainage density, precipitation, vegetation density, soil cover, and karst features were prepared and imported to the ArcMap software. After preparing the information layers, they have to weigh based on their effects on the value of the recharge. In order to be weighted the different parameters, methods of judgment experts, reciprocal influences of parameters, and AHP were used. Using GIS, the results obtained from the final map indicated the average value for the recharge based on the average calculated coefficient of recharge. The annual recharge coefficient in the study area was estimated to be between 30% and 80%.
[1] Sanz, E., Lopez, J.J., 2000. Infiltration measured by drip of stalactites. Ground Water. 38(2), 247-253.
[2] Bonacci, O., 2001. Monthly and annual effective infiltration coefficients in Dinaric karst: Example of the Gradole karst spring catchment. Journal of Hydrological Sciences. 42, 287-299.
[3] Misstear, B.D.R., Fitzsimons, V.P., 2003. Estimating groundwater recharge in ractured bedrock aquifers in Ireland. Groundwater in fractured rocks. Taylor & Francis Group: London, UK. pp. 243-259.
[4] Jukić, D., Denić-Jukić, V., 2004. Groundwater balance estimation in karst by using a conceptual rainfall–runoff model. Journal of Hydrology. 2, 95-110.
[5] Yeh, H., Lee, C., Chen, J., et al., 2007. Estimation of groundwater recharge using water balance model. Journal of Water Resources. 34(2), 153-162.
[6] Li, X., Contreras, S., Solé-Benet, A., et al., 2011. Controls of infiltration–runoff processes in Mediterranean karst rangelands in SE Spain. Catena. 86, 99-109.
[7] Taniguchi, M., Fukuo, Y., 1993. Continuous measurements of groundwater seepage meter. Ground Water. 31(4), 675-679.
[8] Hiscock, K.M., 2004. Hydrogeology principles and practice. Wiley-blackwell: Hoboken. pp. 406.
[9] Dripps, W.R., Bradbury, K.R., 2007. A simple daily soil-water balance model for estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater recharge in temperate humid areas. Hydrogeology Journal. 15, 433-444.
[10] Jie, Z., Heyden, J.V., Bendel, D., et al., 2011. Combination of soil-water balance models and water-table fluctuation methods for evaluation and improvement of groundwater recharge calculations. Hydrogeology Journal. 19, 1487-1502.
[11] Scozzafava, M., Tallini, M., 2001. Report net infiltration in the Gran Sasso Massif of central Italy using the Thornthwaite water budget and curve-number method. Hydrogeology Journal. 9, 461-475.
[12] Zagana, E., Obeidat, M., Kuells, C., et al., 2007. Chloride, hydrochemical and isotope methods of groundwater recharge estimation in eastern Mediterranean areas: A case study in Jordan. Hydrological Processes. 21, 2112-2123.
[13] Radulovic, M., Stevanovic, Z., Radulovic, M., 2012. A new approach in assessing recharge of highly karstified terrains—Montenegro case studies. Environmental Earth Sciences. 65, 2221-2230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1378-0
[14] Scanlon, R., Healy, R.W., Cook, P.G., 2002. Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge. Hydrogeology Journal. 10, 18-39.
[15] Hoetzl, H., 1995. Groundwater recharge in an arid karst area (Saudi Arabia). Application of Tracers in Arid Zone Hydrology. (232), 195-207.
[16] Jones, I.C., Banner, J.L., 2003. Estimating recharge thresholds in tropical karst island aquifers: Barbados, Puerto Rico and Guam. Journal of Hydrology. 2, 131-143.
[17] Shivanna, K., Kulkarni, U.P., Joseph, T.B., et al., 2004. Contribution of storms to groundwater recharge in the semi-arid region of Karnataka, India. Hydrological Processes. 18, 473-485.
[18] Zhu, C., Winterle, J.R., Love, E.I., 2003. Late Pleistocene and Holocene groundwater recharge from the chloride mass balance method and chlorine-36 data. Water Resources Research. 39, 1182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR001987
[19] Nyagwambo, N.L., Savenije, H.H.G., 2006. Groundwater recharge estimation and water resources assessment in a tropical crystalline basement aquifer [PhD thesis]. Delft: Delft University of Technology.
[20] Barrett, M., Charbeneau, R., 1997. A parsimonious model for simulating flow in a karst aquifer. Journal of Hydrology. 196(1-4), 47-65.
[21] Shaban, A., Khawlie, M., Abdallah, C., 2004. Use of remote sensing and GIS to determine recharge potential zones: The case of Occidental Lebanon. Hydrogeology Journal. 14, 433-443.
[22] Carter, J.M., Driscoll, D.G., 2005. Estimating recharge using relations between precipitation and yield in a mountainous area with large variability in precipitation. Journal of Hydrology. 316, 71-83.
[23] Andreo, B., Vías, J., Durán J.J., et al., 2008. Methodology for groundwater recharge assessment in carbonate aquifers: Application to pilot sites in southern Spain. Hydrogeology Journal. 16, 911-925.
[24] Manghi, F., Mortazavi, B., Crother, C., et al., 2008. Estimating regional groundwater recharge using a hydrological budget method. Water Resources Management. 23, 2475-2489.
[25] Al Saud, M., 2010. Mapping potential areas for groundwater storage in Wadi Aurnah Basin, western Arabian Peninsula, using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques. Hydrogeology Journal. 18, 1481-1495.
[26] Szilagyi, J.S., Zlotnik, V.A., Gates, J.B., et al., 2011. Mapping mean annual groundwater recharge in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA. Hydrogeology Journal. 19, 1503-1513.
[27] Kaliraj, S., Chandrasekar, N., Magesh, N.S., 2014. Identification of potential groundwater recharge zones in Vaigai upper basin, Tamil Nadu, using GIS-based analytical hierarchical process (AHP) technique. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 7(4), 1385-1401.
[28] Rahmati, O., Nazari Samani, A., Mahdavi, M., et al., 2015. Groundwater potential mapping at Kurdistan region of Iran using analytic hierarchy process and GIS. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 8(9), 7059-7071.
[29] Selvam, S., Magesh, N.S., Chidambaram, S., et al., 2015. A GIS based identification of groundwater recharge potential zones using RS and IF technique: a case study in Ottapidaram taluk, Tuticorin district, Tamil Nadu. Environmental Earth Sciences. 73, 3785-3799.
[30] Braud, J., 1987. La Suture du Zagros au niveau de Kermanshah (Kurdistan iranien): reconstitution paléogéographique: évolution géodynamique, magmatique et structurale, Paris 11. (in French)
[31] Karimi-Vardanjani, H, Bahadorinia, S., Ford, D., 2017. Hypogene Karst regions and caves of the world, cave and Karst systems of the world. Springer International Publishing AG: Berlin.
[32] Saaty, T.L., 1986. Axiomatic foundation of the analytic hierarchy process. Management Science. 32(7), 841-855.
[33] Ghorbani, M.S., Mahmodi, F., Yamani, M., et al., 2010. The role of quaternary climate changes on the geomorphic evolution of karst sinkholes (case study: Shaho relief western Iran). Physical Geography Research Quarterly. 42(74), 1-16.
Copyright © 2022 Zeinab Najafi, Gholam Hossein Karami
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.
