-
960
-
784
-
728
-
597
-
557
Integration of GIS with the Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM) for Determining Foundation Bearing Capacity: A Case Study in Opolo, Yenagoa Bayelsa State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30564/agger.v5i4.5969Abstract
This study addresses the pressing need to assess foundation bearing capacity in Opolo, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The significance lies in the dearth of comprehensive geotechnical data for construction planning in the region. Past research is limited and this study contributes valuable insights by integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) with the Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM). To collect data, near-surface seismic refraction surveys were conducted along three designated lines, utilizing ABEM Terraloc Mark 6 equipment, Easy Refract, and ArcGIS 10.4.1 software. This methodology allowed for the determination of key geotechnical parameters essential for soil characterization at potential foundation sites. The results revealed three distinct geoseismic layers. The uppermost layer, within a depth of 0.89 to 1.50 meters, exhibited inadequate compressional and shear wave velocities and low values for oedometric modulus, shear modulus, N-value, ultimate bearing capacity, and allowable bearing capacity. This indicates the presence of unsuitable, soft, and weak alluvial deposits for substantial structural loads. In contrast, the second layer (1.52 to 3.84 m depth) displayed favorable geotechnical parameters, making it suitable for various construction loads. The third layer (15.00 to 26.05 m depth) exhibited varying characteristics. The GIS analysis highlighted the unsuitability of the uppermost layer for construction, while the second and third layers were found to be fairly competent and suitable for shallow footing and foundation design. In summary, this study highlights the importance of geotechnical surveys in Opolo’s construction planning. It offers vital information for informed choices, addresses issues in the initial layer, and suggests secure, sustainable construction options.
Keywords:
Generalized reciprocal method (GRM); Geographic information system (GIS); Foundation bearing capacity; Seismic refractionReferences
[1] Rowland, E., Ejaita, E., Omietimi, E.J., 2020. Foundation materials bearing capacity of Tombia Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Nigeria using multichannel analysis surface waves method. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education. 6(5), 811-823.
[2] Omonefe, F., Desmond, E., Ebiegberi, O., et al., 2019. Analysis of near surface seismic refraction for geotechnical parameters in Opolo, Yenagoa of Bayelsa State. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports. 4(4), 1-12.
[3] Roy, S., Bhalla, S.K., 2017. Role of geotechnical properties of soil on civil engineering structures. Resources and Environment. 7(4), 103-109.
[4] Nouwakpo, S.K., Huang, C.H., 2012. A fluidized bed technique for estimating soil critical shear stress. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 76(4), 1192-1196.
[5] Nwankwoala, H.O., Warmate, T., 2014. Geotechnical assessment of foundation conditions of a site in Ubima, Ikwerre local government area, Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD). 9(8), 50-63.
[6] Akintorinwa, O.J., Oluwole, S.T., 2018. Empirical relationship between electrical resistivity and geotechnical parameters: A case study of Federal University of Technology campus, Akure SW, Nigeria. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics. 7(1), 123-133.
[7] Akinlabi, I.A., Adeyemi, G.O., 2014. Determination of empirical relations between geoelectrical data and geotechnical parameters in foundation studies for a proposed earth dam. Pascal Journal Science Technology. 15(2), 279-287.
[8] Zhu, J., Wright, G., Wang, J., et al., 2018. A critical review of the integration of geographic information system and building information modelling at the data level. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 7(2), 66.
[9] Bill, R., Blankenbach, J., Breunig, M., et al., 2022. Geospatial information research: State of the art, case studies and future perspectives. PFG—Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science. 90(4), 349-389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41064-022-00217-9
[10] Palmer, D., 1980. The generalized reciprocal method of seismic refraction interpretation. Society Exploration Geophysics: London.
[11] Mohamed, A.M., Abu El Ata, A.S.A., Abdel Azim, F., et al., 2013. Site-specific shear wave velocity investigation for geotechnical engineering applications using seismic refraction and 2D multi-channel analysis of surface waves. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics. 2(1), 88-101.
[12] Imaitor-Uku, E.E., Owei, O.B., Hart, L., et al., 2021. Impact of settlement growth on Yenagoa’s urban environment. European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences. 2(1), 24-29.
[13] Asare, E.N., Klu, A.K., 2019. The use of seismic refraction and geotechnical parameters to conduct site investigation—A case study. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science. 6(9). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.69.36
[14] Adewoyin, O.O., Joshua, E.O., Akinyemi, M.L., et al., 2021. Engineering site investigations using surface seismic refraction technique. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 655(1), 012098. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/655/1/012098
[15] Yilmaz, O., 2001. Seismic data analysis: Processing, inversion, and interpretation of seismic data. Society of Exploration Geophysicists: Tulsa, OK.
[16] Khalil, M.H., Hanafy, S.M., 2008. Engineering applications of seismic refraction method: A field example at Wadi Wardan, Northeast Gulf of Suez, Sinai, Egypt. Journal of Applied Geophysics. 65(3-4), 132-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.06.003
[17] Mageshkumar, P., Subbaiyan, A., Lakshman an, E., et al., 2019. Application of geospatial techniques in delineating groundwater potential zones: A case study from South India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 12, 1-15.
[18] Kearey, P., Brooks, M., Hill, I., 2002. An introduction to geophysical exploration, third edition. Blackwell: London.
[19] Lowrie, W., 2007. Fundamentals of geophysics, second edition. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
[20] Reynolds, J.M., 2011. An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics. John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken.
[21] Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P., Sheriff, R.E., 1990. Applied geophysics. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
[22] Atat, J.G., Akpabio, I.O., George, N.J., 2013. Allowable bearing capacity for shallow foundation in Eket local government area, Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria. International Journal of Geosciences. 4, 1491-1500.
[23] Tezcan, S.S., Ozdemir, Z., Keceli, A., 2009. Seismic technique to determine the allowable bearing pressure for shallow foundations in soils and rocks. Acta Geophysica. 57, 400-412.
[24] Essien, U.E., Akankpo, A.O., 2013. Compressional and shear-wave velocity measurements in unconsolidated top-soil in Eket, South-Eastern Nigeria. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. 14(1), 476-491.
[25] Hassan, M., 2023. Avantgarde reliability implications in civil engineering. IntechOpen: London. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102292
[26] Essien, U.E., Igboekwe, M.U., Akankpo, A.O., 2016. Determination of incompressibility, elasticity and rigidity of surface soils and shallow sediments from seismic wave velocities. Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineer ing. 6(1), 99-111.
[27] Farauta, B.K., Egbule, C.L., Agwu, A.E., et al., 2012. Farmers’ adaptation initiatives to the impact of climate change on agriculture in northern Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension. 16(1), 132-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v16i1.13
[28] Imai, T., Fumoto, H., Yokota, K., 1976. P- and S-wave velocities in subsurface layers of ground in Japan. Urawa Research Institute: Tokyo.
[29] Stümpel, H., Kähler, S., Meissner, R., et al., 1984. The use of seismic shear waves and compressional waves for lithological problems of shallow sediments. Geophysical Prospecting. 32(4), 662-675.
[30] Parry, R.H., 1977. Estimating bearing capacity in sand from SPT values. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. 103(9), 1014-1019.
[31] Abd El-Rahman, M., 1991. The potential of absorption coefficient and seismic quality factor in delineating less sound foundation materials in Jabal Shib Az Sahara area, Northwest of Sanaa, Yemen Arab Republic. Egypt, MERC Earth Science. 5, 181-187.
[32] Clark, S.P., 1966. Handbook of physical constants. Geological Society of America: Boulder, Colorado, U.S.
[33] Gassman, F., 1973. Seismische prospektion (German) [Seismic prospection]. Birkhaeuser
[34] Verlag: Stuttgart. pp. 417. Tatham, R.H., 1982. Vp Vs and lithology. Geophysics. 47(3), 336-344.
[35] Sheriff, R.E., Geldart, L.P., 1986. Exploration seismology. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
[36] Abd El-Rahman, M.A.H.D.Y., 1989. Evaluation of the kinetic elastic moduli of the surface materials and application to engineering geologic maps at Maba-Risabah area (Dhamar Province), Northern Yemen. Egypt Journal Geology. 33(1-2), 229-250.
[37] Nwankwoala, H.O., Amadi, A.N., 2013. Geotechnical investigation of sub-soil and rock characteristics in parts of Shiroro-Muya-Chanchaga area of Niger State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental and Engineering. 6(1),8-17.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Article Type
License
Copyright © 2023 Ebiegberi Oborie, Desmond Eteh
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.