-
28967
-
18489
-
3364
-
1412
-
1270
Effects of Water Stress on Growth and Chlorophyll Contents of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Basil) [Lamiaceae]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30564/jbr.v5i2.5494Abstract
Ocimum gratissimum is an essential plant because of its wide food and medicinal usage. Despite its relevance, its morpho-physiological compositions are influenced by several abiotic stresses. Hence, this study examined the effects of water stress on the growth and chlorophyll contents of O. gratissimum. Seedlings of O. gratissimum were grown in twenty-four pots, two per pot and were arranged using a complete randomized design with four groups: Very Wet O. gratissimum (VWO), Moderately Water Stress O. gratissimum (MWSO), Strongly Water Stress O. gratissimum (SWSO) and Adequately Watered O. gratissimum (AWO) as control. Fifty centiliters of water was applied in AWO once daily, VWO twice daily, MSWO once in three days and SWSO once a week. Growth parameters: Stem height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth and petiole length were determined one week after treatment for six weeks. Chlorophyll contents were determined at two weeks intervals after treatment for eight weeks. Descriptive statistics such as mean±standard deviation and one-way Analysis of Variance (p < 0.05) were done using SAS software. Results obtained showed the highest mean stem height (27.50 ± 0.29 cm), number of leaves (37.00 ± 9.0), leaf area (735.7 ± 4.12 cm2), stem girth (0.40 ± 0.00 cm) and petiole length (7.20 ± 0.40 cm) in VWO. Similar results were obtained for chlorophyll (56.70 ± 0.65 mg–1). It could be concluded that regular watering of O. gratissimum could promote growth and increase chlorophyll contents of the plant.
Keywords:
Water deficit; Pigmentation; Medicinal plant; Ocimum gratissimum; GrowthReferences
[1] Isah, A.D., Bello, A.G., Maishanu, H.M., et al., 2012. Effect of watering regime on the early growth of Acacia senegal (LINN) Wild provenances. International Journal of Plants, Animal and Environmental Sciences. 3(2), 52-56.
[2] Fredrick, C., Bamalo, U.M., Chima, U.D., 2018. Effect of watering regimes on the germination and early seedling growth of Annona muricata Linn. Production Agriculture and Technology. 14(1), 66-72.
[3] Gbadamosi, A.E., 2014. Effect of watering regimes and water quantity on the early seedling growth of Picralima nitida (Stapf). Sustainable Agriculture Research. 3(2), 23-40.
[4] Vandoorne, B., Mathiew, A.S., Van den Ende, W., et al., 2012. Water stress drastically reduces root growth and inulin yield in Cichorium intybus (var. sativum) independently of photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany. 63(12), 4359-4373. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers095
[5] Hartmann, T., College, M., Lumsden, P., 2005. Responses of different varieties of Lolium perenne to salivity. Annual Conference of the Society for Experimental Biology. Lancashire.
[6] Hsiao, T.C., Xu, L.K., 2000. Sensitivity of growth of roots versus leaves to water stress: biophysical analysis and relation to water transport. Journal of Experimental Botany. 51(350), 1595-1616.
[7] Penuelas, J., Filellas, I., 1998. Visible and near infra-red reflectant techniques for diagnosing plants physiological status. Trends in Science. 3, 151-156.
[8] Striker, G.G., 2012. Flooding stress on plants: Anatomical, morphological and physiological responses. Botany. 1, 3-28.
[9] Ekanayake, I.J., Oyetunji, O.J., Osonubi, O., et al., 2004. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and water stress on leaf chlorophyll production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 2(2), 190-196.
[10] Iwu, M.M., 1993. Handbook of African medicinal plants, 1st edition. CRC Press Inc.: Boca.
[11] Prabhu, K.S., Lobo, R., Shirwaikar, A.A., et al., 2009. Ocimum gratissimum: A Review of its chemical, pharmacological and ethnomedicinal properties. The open Complementary Medicine Journal. 1, 1-15.
[12] Effraim, K.D., Jacks, T.W., Sodipo, O.A., 2003. Histopathological studies on the toxicity of Ocimum gratissimum leave extract on some organs of rabbit. African Journal Biomedical Research. 6, 21-25.
[13] Owulade, M.O., Eghianruwa, K.I., Daramola, F.O., 2004. Effects of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdarffa calyces and Ocimum gratissimum leaves on intestinal transit in rats. African Journal Biomedical Research. 7, 31-33.
[14] Okubena-Dipeolu, E., Olalusi, F., Ayeni, L.S., 2015. Comparative effects of animal manures and mineral fertilizer on agronomic parameters of telfairia occidentalis on luvisol in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria, research & reviews. Journal of Botanical Sciences. 4(3), 37-41.
[15] Dunn, J.L., Turnbull, J.D., Robinson, S.A., 2004. Comparison of solvent regime to the extraction of photosynthetic pigment from leaves of higher plant. Functional Plant Biology. 31, 195-222.
[16] Sumanta, N., Haque, C.I., Nishika, J., et al., 2014. Spectrophotometric analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids from commonly grown fern species by using various extracting solvents. Research Journal of Chemical Science. 4(9), 63-69.
[17] Oluwole, S.O., Ogun, M.L., Arowosegbe, S., et al., 2020. Effects of waterlogging on the growth and chlorophyll content of Ixora coccinea Lin. (Jungle Flame). International Journal of Plant Research. 10(1), 17-26.DOI: https://doi.org/10.5923/j.plant.20201001.03
[18] Abdelbasit, H.E., Sadya, M., Ahamad, E., 2012. Variation in drought tolerance and survival among three provenances of Acacia tortilis subspecies Raddiana and subspecies Spirocarpa seedlings. Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 4(2), 134-139.
[19] Mohamed, A.E., Khalid, A.I., Talaat, D.A., 2013. Effect of different watering regimes on growth performance of five tropical trees in the nursery. JONARES. 1, 14-18.
[20] Ayeni, M.J., Ale, O.E., Kayode, J., 2015. Effects of irrigation and soil types on the growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Journal of Plants Science. 3(2), 59-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/jps.20150302.13
[21] Adelani, D.O., Aduradola, M.A., Osunsina, O., 2020. Effects of watering levels and light intensities on seedling vigour of African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don). Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife & Environment. 12(2), 90-99.
[22] Dauda, T.O., Asiribo, O.E., Akinbode, S.O., et al., 2009. Assessment of the roles of irrigation farming in the millennium development goals. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 4(5), 445-450.
[23] Antunez, I., Retamosa, E.C., Villar, R., 2001. Relative growth rate in phylogenetically related deciduous and evergreen woody species. Oecologia. 128, 172-180.
[24] Asaolu, M.F., Asaolu, S.S., 2002. Proximate and mineral composition of cooked and uncooked Solanum melongena. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 53, 103-107.
[25] Mukhtar, R.B., Mansur, M.A., Abdullahi, S., et al., 2016. The growth of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) seedlings under varied watering intervals in the nursery. Agro-Science Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension. 15(3),30-33.
[26] Oboho, E.G., Igharo, B., 2017. Effect of pregermination treatments on germination and watering regimes on the early growth of Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw) Warb. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 10(3), 62-68.
[27] Ogidan, A.O., Olajire-Ajayi, B.L., Adenuga, D.A., 2018. Assessment of watering regimes on seedlings growth performance of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Proceedings of 6th NSCB Biodiversity Conference. UNIUYO. p. 341-345.
[28] Ogunrotimi, D.G., Kayode, J., 2018. Effect of water regimes on early seedling growth of Solanum macrocarpon L.(Solanaceae). Journal of Applied Sciences. 18(2), 79-85.
[29] Olubode, S.O., Hammed, L., Odeyemi, O.M., et al., 2018. Influence of moisture regimes and organic manure on nutrient dynamics and growth of cashew. Acta Horticulturae. 1225(1225), 125-132.
[30] Gonzales, J.A., Gallardo, M., Hilal, M., et al., 2009. Psychological responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild) to drought and waterlogging stress: Dry matter partitioning. Botanical Studies. 50, 35-42.
[31] Adelani, D.O., 2019. Effect of watering regime on the growth and nutrient uptake of Citrus Tangelo J. W. seedling grown in a mixture of sand and pulverize Jacaranda Mimosifolia D. Don leaves. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment. 11(3), 172-179.
[32] Oluwole, S.O., Ogun, M.L., Balogun, O.A., 2018. The Effects of different watering regimes on the growth of Talinum trianulare Jacq. Journal of Research and Review in Science. 5, 14-23.
[33] Olajide, O., Oyedeji, A.A., Tom, G.S., et al., 2014. Seed germination and effect of three watering regimes on the growth of Dialium guineense (Wild) seedlings. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 5, 3049-3059.
[34] Turner, L.B., 1991. The effect of water stress on the vegetative growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.): Comparison of long-term water deficit and short-term developing water stress. Journal of Experimental Botany. 42, 311-316.
[35] Ohahsi, Y., Saneoka, H., Kounosuke, F., 2000. Effect of water stress on growth, photosynthesis and photoassimilate translocation in soybean and tropical pasture legume siratro. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 46(2), 417-425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080|003807682000.10408795
[36] Durigon, A., Evers, J., Metselaar, K., et al., 2019. Water stress permanently alters shoot architecture in common bean plants. Agronomy. 9(3), 1-22.
[37] Dzomeku, B.M., Sarkordie-Addo, J., Darkey, S.K., et al., 2016. Responses of leaf stomata parameter to induced water stress and its relationship with stomatal conductance in false horn plantain. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science. 12(2), 1-14.
[38] Price, D.T., Black, T.A., Kelliher, F.M., 1986. Effects of sala understory removal on photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance of Young Douglas-Fir trees. Canadian Journal of Forest Resource. 16, 90-97.
[39] Mosaad, M.G., Ortiz-Ferranru, G., Mahalakhmi, V., 1995. Tiller development and contribution to yield under different moisture regimes in two Triticum species. Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science. 36(6), 982-986.
[40] Setter, T.L., Waters, I., Sharma, S.K., et al., 2009. Review of wheat improvement for waterloggging tolerance in Australia and India: The importance of anaerobiosis and element toxicities associated with different soil. Annals of Botany. 103, 221-235.
[41] Lawlor, D.W., 2002. Limitation to photosynthesis in water-stressed leaves: Stomata vs. metabolism and the role of ATP. Annals of Botany. 89, 871-885.
[42] Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Wahid, A., et al., 2009. Drought Stress in plants: A review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 11(1), 100-105.
[43] Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N.J., et al., 2009. Plant drought stress: Effect, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 29, 185-212.
[44] Riaz, A., Younis, A., Taj, A.R., et al., 2013. Effect of drought stress on growth and flowering of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 45(81), 123-131.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Article Type
License
Copyright © 2023 Author(s)
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License.